A priori dietary patterns and cardiovascular disease incidence in adult population-based studies: a review of recent evidence. Issue 22 (22nd July 2022)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Wong, Martin M. H.; Louie, Jimmy Chun Yu
• Is Part Of: Critical reviews in food science and nutrition. Volume 62:Issue 22(2022)
• Page Start: 6153
• Page End: 6168
• Publication Date: 2022-07-22
• Subjects: Dietary pattern -- cardiovascular disease -- healthy diet -- Mediterranean diet -- DASH diet -- population-based studies; Food industry and trade -- Periodicals; Nutrition -- Periodicals; Nutrition -- Periodicals; Food -- Periodicals; Diet -- Periodicals; Review Literature -- Periodicals; Nutrition; Food; Diet; Review Literature; 664
• DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1897517
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 1040-8398

Abstract

Abstract: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death worldwide. Studies using the a priori dietary pattern approach have been criticized for the heterogeneity of their scoring methods. This review aimed to evaluate the evidence on the association between a priori dietary patterns and CVD incidence in recent adult population-based studies. Similar to the conclusions of previous systematic reviews and meta-analyses, our review found that the majority of recent studies suggested that Mediterranean diet (6 out of 10 studies), Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension diet (4 out of 6 studies), Dietary Guidelines-based (11 out of 13 studies) patterns, and other emerging dietary patterns, including carbohydrate quality, Dietary Inflammatory Index, Plant-based Diet Index and Healthy Nordic Food Index, were cardioprotective in the general population; however, there was substantial heterogeneity among the studies, possibly due to differences in scoring methods and analytical approaches used and inclusion of different confounders, as well as other methodological drawbacks, such as low numbers of cases and short follow-up periods. Future studies should simultaneously examine and compare multiple a priori dietary patterns in a specific population using a uniform statistical approach. A consensus on the scoring methods for each a priori dietary pattern is also necessary.