Novel insights in the relationship of gut microbiota and coronary artery diseases. Issue 14 (6th August 2022)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Ramírez-Macías, Inmaculada; Orenes-Piñero, Esteban; Camelo-Castillo, Anny; Rivera-Caravaca, José Miguel; López-García, Cecilia; Marín, Francisco
• Is Part Of: Critical reviews in food science and nutrition. Volume 62:Issue 14(2022)
• Page Start: 3738
• Page End: 3750
• Publication Date: 2022-08-06
• Subjects: Atherosclerosis -- cardiovascular diseases -- intestinal microbiota -- probiotics -- statins -- trimethylamine-N-oxide; Food industry and trade -- Periodicals; Nutrition -- Periodicals; Nutrition -- Periodicals; Food -- Periodicals; Diet -- Periodicals; Review Literature -- Periodicals; Nutrition; Food; Diet; Review Literature; 664
• DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2020.1868397
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 1040-8398

Abstract

Abstract: Atherosclerosis is a chronic, progressive, inflammatory disease in the vasculature and is common in both coronary and peripheral arteries. Human beings harbor a complex and dynamic population of microorganisms defined as the microbiota. Importantly, alterations in the bacterial composition (dysbiosis) and the metabolic compounds produced by these bacteria have been associated with the pathogenesis of many inflammatory diseases and infections. There is also a close relationship between intestinal microbiota and cardiovascular diseases. The aim of this review was to analyze how changes in the gut microbiota and their metabolites might affect coronary artery diseases. The most representative groups of bacteria that make up the intestinal microbiota are altered in coronary artery disease patients, resulting in a decrease in Bacteroidetes and an increase in Firmicutes . In relation to metabolites, trimethylamine-N-oxide plays an important role in atherosclerosis and may act as a cardiovascular risk predictor. In addition, the use of probiotics, prebiotics, diet modulation, and fecal transplantation, which may represent alternative treatments for these diseases, is thoroughly discussed. Finally, the role of lipid-lowering treatments is also analyzed as they may affect and alter the gut microbiota and, conversely, gut microbiota diversity could be associated with resistance or sensitivity to these treatments.