Enzymatic synthesis of capric acid-rich structured lipids and their effects on mice with high-fat diet-induced obesity. (October 2021)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Martínez-Galán, Julián Paul; Ontibón-Echeverri, Catalina María; Campos Costa, Mariana; Batista-Duharte, Alexander; Guerso Batista, Vinicius; Mesa, Victoria; Monti, Rubens; Veloso de Paula, Ariela; Martins Baviera, Amanda
• Is Part Of: Food research international. Volume 148(2021)
• Publication Date: 2021-10
• Subjects: Structured lipids -- Enzymatic acidolysis -- Lipase -- Obesity -- Glucose intolerance -- Oxidative stress -- Inflammation; Food -- Analysis -- Periodicals; Food industry and trade -- Periodicals; Food industry and trade -- Canada -- Periodicals; Food Technology -- Periodicals; Food -- Periodicals; Food-Processing Industry -- Periodicals; Aliments -- Industrie et commerce -- Périodiques; Aliments -- Industrie et commerce -- Canada -- Périodiques; Aliments -- Recherche -- Périodiques; Food industry and trade; Canada; Periodicals; Electronic journals; 664.005
• DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2021.110602
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0963-9969

Abstract

Graphical abstract: Highlights: SLs produced using an immobilized enzyme in a low-cost material. SLs synthesis from 5 reuses of the enzymatic derivative with promising results. HG-MCT had antiobesogenic effects and improved glucose tolerance. HG-MCT decreased biomarkers of lipid peroxidation and increased PON 1 activity. SLs mitigate the complications of obesity (oxidative stress and inflammation). Abstract: The objective of this study was to produce structured lipids (SLs) by enzymatic acidolysis using Rhizopus oryzae lipase covalently immobilized in a low-cost material. Grape seed oil was used to synthesize SLs containing the medium-chain fatty acid (C10:0) capric acid. SL synthesis led to 38.8% medium-chain fatty acid incorporation with 5 reuses of the enzymatic derivative. The reaction conditions for the synthesis of MLM-TAGs (triacylglycerols with one long- and two medium-chain acyl residues) were at a molar ratio of fatty acid:oil of 3:1, performed at 40 °C and lipase immobilized load of 5% (w/w). The in vivo effects of SLs were studied in Swiss mice fed premade diets: control (C) diet, high-fat diet (HFD) with 100% lipid content as lard, HFD with 50% lipid content as grape seed oil (HG) or HFD with 50% lipid content as capric acid-containing SLs produced from grape seed oil (HG-MCT). Mice from HG and HG-MCT groups had decreases in body weight gain and reductions in the weights of white adipose tissues. In addition, HG and HG-MCT mice had low plasma levels of glucose and total cholesterol, and improvements in the glucose tolerance. HG and HG-MCT diets have remarkable antioxidant properties, since low plasma levels of TBARS (thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, biomarkers of lipid peroxidation) were found in mice fed these diets. Interestingly, TBARS levels in HG-MCT mice were further decreased than values of HG mice. Mice fed HG and HG-MCT diets also showed preservation in the activity of the antioxidant enzyme paraoxonase 1. Both HG and HG-MCT diets promoted reduction of IL-6 and IL-10 production by splenocytes. The capric acid-containing SLs produced from grape seed oil emerges as a functional oil capable to mitigate obesity complications resulting from oxidative stress and inflammation.