Nondigestible carbohydrates, butyrate, and butyrate-producing bacteria. (27th June 2019)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Fu, Xiaodan; Liu, Zhemin; Zhu, Changliang; Mou, Haijin; Kong, Qing
• Is Part Of: Critical reviews in food science and nutrition. Volume 59(2019)Supplement 1
• Page Start: S130
• Page End: S152
• Publication Date: 2019-06-27
• Subjects: Nondigestible carbohydrates -- oligosaccharides -- short-chain fatty acids -- butyrate -- butyrate-producing bacteria; Food industry and trade -- Periodicals; Nutrition -- Periodicals; Nutrition -- Periodicals; Food -- Periodicals; Diet -- Periodicals; Review Literature -- Periodicals; Nutrition; Food; Diet; Review Literature; 664
• DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2018.1542587
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 1040-8398

Abstract

Abstract: Nondigestible carbohydrates (NDCs) are fermentation substrates in the colon after escaping digestion in the upper gastrointestinal tract. Among NDCs, resistant starch is not hydrolyzed by pancreatic amylases but can be degraded by enzymes produced by large intestinal bacteria, including clostridia, bacteroides, and bifidobacteria. Nonstarch polysaccharides, such as pectin, guar gum, alginate, arabinoxylan, and inulin fructans, and nondigestible oligosaccharides and their derivatives, can also be fermented by beneficial bacteria in the large intestine. Butyrate is one of the most important metabolites produced through gastrointestinal microbial fermentation and functions as a major energy source for colonocytes by directly affecting the growth and differentiation of colonocytes. Moreover, butyrate has various physiological effects, including enhancement of intestinal barrier function and mucosal immunity. In this review, several representative NDCs are introduced, and their chemical components, structures, and physiological functions, including promotion of the proliferation of butyrate-producing bacteria and enhancement of butyrate production, are discussed. We also describe the strategies for achieving directional accumulation of colonic butyrate based on endogenous generation mechanisms.