Whole cereal grains and potential health effects: Involvement of the gut microbiota. (January 2018)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Gong, Lingxiao; Cao, Wenyan; Chi, Hailin; Wang, Jing; Zhang, Huijuan; Liu, Jie; Sun, Baoguo
• Is Part Of: Food research international. Volume 103(2018)
• Page Start: 84
• Page End: 102
• Publication Date: 2018-01
• Subjects: AMPK adenosine 5′-monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase -- ANGPTL4 angiopoietin-like protein 4 -- AX arabinoxylan -- CAZymes carbohydrate active enzymes -- CBMs carbohydrate-binding modules -- CVD cerebrobascular disease -- ERs estrogen receptors -- IL interleukin -- LPS lipopolysaccharide -- MetS metabolic syndrome -- FFA free fatty acid receptor -- FIAF fasting-induced adipose factor -- FXR farnesoid X receptor -- TGR5 G-protein-coupled bile acid receptor Q -- GHs glycoside hydrolases -- GLP-1 glucagon-like peptide-1 -- GPR G-protein-coupled receptors -- HDAC histone deacetylase -- HDL high-density lipoprotein -- IGN intestinal gluconeogenesis -- LPL lipoprotein lipase -- MAPK mitogen-activated protein kinases -- MW molecular weight -- OXM oxyntomodulin -- PPARγ peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma -- PYY peptide YY -- RS resistant starch -- SREBP-1c sterol response element-binding protein-1 -- WCGs whole cereal grains -- NSPs non-starch polysaccharides -- SCFA short chain fatty acid; Whole cereal grains -- Gut microbiota -- Metabolic disease -- Microbiota shifts -- Microbiota-accessible substrates; Food -- Analysis -- Periodicals; Food industry and trade -- Periodicals; Food industry and trade -- Canada -- Periodicals; Food Technology -- Periodicals; Food -- Periodicals; Food-Processing Industry -- Periodicals; Aliments -- Industrie et commerce -- Périodiques; Aliments -- Industrie et commerce -- Canada -- Périodiques; Aliments -- Recherche -- Périodiques; Food industry and trade; Canada; Periodicals; Electronic journals; 664.005
• DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2017.10.025
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0963-9969

Abstract

Abstract: The intakes of whole cereal grains (WCGs) have long been linked to decreased risks of metabolic syndromes (MetS) and several chronic diseases. Owing to the complex range of components of cereals, which may show synergistic activities to mediate these protective effects, the mechanisms by which the benefits of whole cereals arise are not fully understood. The gut microbiota has recently become a new focus of research at the intersection of diet and metabolic health. Moreover, cereals contain various ingredients known as microbiota-accessible substrates that resist digestion in the upper gastrointestinal tract, including resistant starch and non-starch polysaccharides such as β-glucan and arabinoxylans, making them an important fuel for the microbiota. Thus, WCGs may manipulate the ecophysiology of gut microbiota. In this review, the scientific evidence supporting the hypothesis that WCGs prevent MetS by modulating gut microbiota composition and functions are discussed, with focuses on cereal intake-related mechanisms by which gut microbiota contributes to human health and scientific evidences for the effects of WCGs on modulating gut microbiota. Once strong support for the association among WCGs, gut microbiota and host metabolic health can be demonstrated, particular cereals, their processing technologies, or cereal-based foods might be better utilized to prevent and possibly even treat metabolic disease. Graphical abstract: Highlights: WCGs deliver prebiotics to shape host microbiota to provide health benefits. WCGs provide microbiota-accessible substrates to be metabolized into functional metabolites. Microbiota-targeted precision nutritional WCGs may prevent metabolic disease.