Inter‐Individual Variability in Insulin Response after Grape Pomace Supplementation in Subjects at High Cardiometabolic Risk: Role of Microbiota and miRNA. Issue 2 (16th December 2020)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Ramos‐Romero, Sara; Léniz, Asier; Martínez‐Maqueda, Daniel; Amézqueta, Susana; Fernández‐Quintela, Alfredo; Hereu, Mercè; Torres, Josep Luís; Portillo, María P.; Pérez‐Jiménez, Jara
• Is Part Of: Molecular nutrition & food research. Volume 65:Issue 2(2021)
• Page Start: n/a
• Page End: n/a
• Publication Date: 2020-12-16
• Subjects: grape pomace -- insulin response -- microbiota -- miRNA; Food -- Biotechnology -- Periodicals; Food -- Microbiology -- Periodicals; Nutrition -- Periodicals; Food -- Toxicology -- Periodicals; Nutrition -- Periodicals; Food Microbiology -- Periodicals; Food Technology -- Periodicals; Molecular Biology -- Periodicals; 664.0705
• DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202000113
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 1613-4125

Abstract

Abstract : Scope: Dietary polyphenols have shown promising effects in mechanistic and preclinical studies on the regulation of cardiometabolic alterations. Nevertheless, clinical trials have provided contradictory results, with high inter‐individual variability. This study explores the role of gut microbiota and microRNAs (miRNAs) as factors contributing to the inter‐individual variability in polyphenol response. Methods and Results: 49 subjects with at least two factors of metabolic syndrome are divided between responders ( n = 23) or non‐responders ( n = 26), depending on the variation rate in fasting insulin after grape pomace supplementation (6 weeks). The populations of selected fecal bacteria are estimated from fecal deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) by quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), while the microbial‐derived short‐chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are measured in fecal samples by gas chromatography. MicroRNAs are analyzed on a representative sample, followed by targeted miRNA analysis. Responder subjects show significantly lower ( p < 0.05) Prevotella and Firmicutes levels, and increased ( p < 0.05) miR‐222 levels. Conclusion: After evaluating the selected substrates for Prevotella and target genes of miR‐222, these variations suggest that responders are those subjects exhibiting impaired glycaemic control. This study shows that fecal microbiota and miRNA expression may be related to inter‐individual variability in clinical trials with polyphenols. Abstract : Subjects at high metabolic risk with higher levels of plasma insulin concentration are sensitive to grape pomace (Responders) while showing reduced levels of Firmicutes and Prevotella, along with increased expression of miR‐222. The variations in miR‐222 as well as in Prevotella could be indicators of responsiveness, suggesting that responders are those subjects showing impaired glycaemic control.