Effect of whole foods on the microbial production of tryptophan-derived aryl hydrocarbon receptor agonists in growing pigs. (1st August 2023)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Huang, Zhan; de Vries, Sonja; Fogliano, Vincenzo; Wells, Jerry M.; van der Wielen, Nikkie; Capuano, Edoardo
• Is Part Of: Food chemistry. Volume 416(2023)
• Publication Date: 2023-08-01
• Subjects: 5-HT Serotonin -- AhR Aryl hydrocarbon Receptor -- I3A Indole-3-aldehyde -- IA Indoleacrylic acid -- IAA Indole-3-acetic acid -- ILA Indole-3-lactic acid -- Ind Indole -- IPA Indole-3-propionic acid -- Kyn Kynurenine -- Oxi Oxindole -- Ska Skatole -- TA Tryptamine -- Trp Tryptophan; Food matrix -- Aryl hydrocarbon receptor -- Small intestine -- Colon -- Tryptophan -- Indole derivatives; Food -- Analysis -- Periodicals; Food -- Composition -- Periodicals; 664
• DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.135804
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0308-8146

Abstract

Highlights: Level of tryptophan catabolites produced in the whole intestine of pigs was measured. Food matrices induce different panels of microbiota-derived tryptophan catabolites. Food matrices influence the content of tryptophan available in the intestinal lumen. Indole-3-lactic acid is mainly produced in the small intestine. Skatole, oxindole, serotonin, and indoleacrylic acid are only produced in the colon. Abstract: Effects of whole foods on the microbial production of tryptophan-derived aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) ligands in the intestine were investigated in a pig model. Ileal digesta and faeces of pigs after feeding of eighteen different foods were analyzed. Indole, indole-3-propionic acid, indole-3-acetic acid, indole-3-lactic acid, kynurenine, tryptamine, and indole-3-aldehyde were identified in ileal digesta, which were also identified in faeces but at higher concentrations except indole-3-lactic acid, together with skatole, oxindole, serotonin, and indoleacrylic acid. The panel of tryptophan catabolites in ileal digesta and faeces varied across different foods. Eggs induced the highest overall concentration of catabolites in ileal digesta dominated by indole. Amaranth induced the highest overall concentration of catabolites in faeces dominated by skatole. Using a reporter cell line, we observed many faecal samples but not ileal samples retained AhR activity. Collectively, these findings contribute to food selection targeting AhR ligands production from dietary tryptophan in the intestine.