Dynamic correlation between tetramethylpyrazine and influencing factors in Bacillus subtilis-fermented dehulled adlay. (April 2023)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Wen, Anyan; Yang, Zhoujie; Liu, Na; Zeng, Haiying; Qin, Likang
• Is Part Of: Food bioscience. Volume 52(2023)
• Publication Date: 2023-04
• Subjects: Tetramethylpyrazine -- Dehulled adlay -- Bacillus subtilis -- Influencing factors -- Correlation analysis; TMP Tetramethylpyrazine -- BDA B. subtilisBJ3-2-fermented dehulled adlay -- BSB B. subtilisBJ3-2-fermented soybean -- CDA B. subtilisCICC 20637-fermented dehulled adlay -- ALS α-acetolactate synthase -- ALDC α-acetolactate decarboxylase; Food -- Biotechnology -- Periodicals; Food -- Research -- Periodicals; Aliments -- Biotecnologia -- Revistes; Aliments -- Investigació -- Revistes; Food -- Biotechnology; Food -- Research; Revistes electròniques; Periodicals; 664.005
• DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2023.102355
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 2212-4292

Abstract

Abstract: Tetramethylpyrazine (TMP), a flavor compound with biological activity, naturally exists in a variety of roasted, fried or fermented foods. Biosynthesis has been green and effective practice to produce TMP, and high TMP level was obtained in Bacillus subtilis BJ3-2 fermented dehulled adlay (BDA) in previous study. To elucidate the correlation between TMP and influencing factors in this study, the dynamics of TMP and influencing factors in BDA were investigated, and the correlation between TMP and influencing factors was analyzed by Pearson's correlation coefficients. Results showed that a weakly acidic environment was found in BDA and B. subtilis CICC 20637 fermented dehulled adlay (CDA), but a weakly alkaline environment was observed in B. subtilis BJ3-2 fermented soybean (BSB). The higher levels of α-acetolactate decarboxylase, reducing sugar, pyruvate, diacetyl, leucine, acetoin and TMP were detected in BDA, while higher levels of α-acetolactate synthase, free amino acids and ammonium were obtained in BSB. At the end of fermentation, the TMP content in BDA was 6.13 mg/g dry weight, which was 204- and 12-fold higher than that in BSB and CDA, respectively. TMP synthesis in BDA and CDA was remarkable correlation with pyruvate, diacetyl, leucine, ammonium and acetoin ( p < 0.05). In summary, a weakly acidic environment, moderate ammonium content, high leucine and acetoin levels synergistically promoted TMP efficient synthesis. Highlights: Dehulled adlay fermented by B. subtilis caused acidic environment and high carbon metabolites contents. Soybean fermented by B. subtilis led to alkaline environment and high ammonium level. TMP synthesis was positively correlated with pyruvate, diacetyl, leucine, ammonium and acetoin in BDA. Acidic environment, high leucine and acetoin contents contributed to TMP efficient synthesis.