Banned Sudan dyes in spices available at markets in Karachi, Pakistan. Issue 1 (2nd January 2023)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Ullah, Asad; Chan, Malik Wajid Hussain; Aslam, Sadar; Khan, Ali; Abbas, Qamar; Ali, Shamsher; Ali, Meher; Hussain, Abid; Mirani, Zulfiqar Ali; Sibt-e-Hassan, Syed; Kazmi, Mohib Reza; Ali, Shaukat; Hussain, Shafqat; Khan, Abdul Majeed
• Is Part Of: Food additives & contaminants. Volume 16:Issue 1(2023)
• Page Start: 69
• Page End: 76
• Publication Date: 2023-01-02
• Subjects: Food adulteration -- Sudan dyes -- non-branded spices -- health risk -- Karachi Pakistan; Food additives -- Periodicals; Food contamination -- Periodicals; 664.07
• DOI: 10.1080/19393210.2022.2100489
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 1939-3210

Abstract

ABSTRACT: Sudan dyes were investigated in branded and non-branded spices, commonly available in the markets of Karachi, Pakistan. High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with a variable wavelength detector (VWD) was applied to determine Sudan dyes I-IV. The non-branded samples had higher concentrations of Sudan dyes than the maximum limits of 0.1 mg/kg. The highest concentration of Sudan dye (I) was found in turmeric powder (8460 mg/kg) and the lowest concentration (1.50 mg/kg) of Sudan (IV) in Chaat Masala. This indicates that the use of non-branded spices is not safe, whereas no Sudan dye was found in the branded spice samples. Further studies regarding the higher carcinogenic risk posed by Sudan dye adulterated spices in Pakistan is strongly advised.