Triacylglycerols containing branched palmitic acid ester of hydroxystearic acid (PAHSA) are present in the breast milk and hydrolyzed by carboxyl ester lipase. (15th September 2022)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Brejchova, Kristyna; Paluchova, Veronika; Brezinova, Marie; Cajka, Tomas; Balas, Laurence; Durand, Thierry; Krizova, Marcela; Stranak, Zbynek; Kuda, Ondrej
• Is Part Of: Food chemistry. Volume 388(2022)
• Publication Date: 2022-09-15
• Subjects: Human breast milk -- Lipidomics -- PAHSA -- Colostrum -- Elective caesarean section -- Preterm birth; CEL carboxyl ester lipase -- CS caesarean section -- FAHFA fatty acid ester of hydroxy fatty acid -- PAHSA palmitic acid ester of hydroxystearic acid -- PB preterm birth -- TAG triacylglycerol -- VB vaginal birth; Food -- Analysis -- Periodicals; Food -- Composition -- Periodicals; 664
• DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.132983
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0308-8146

Abstract

Graphical abstract: Highlights: Effect of preterm birth (PB) or caesarean section (CS) on milk metabolome. Colostrum levels of 5-PAHSA were negatively affected by PB and CS. FAHFA-containing triacylglycerols are substrates of carboxyl ester lipase in milk. 5-PAHSA-containing lipids are resistant to carboxyl ester lipase hydrolysis. Abstract: Breast milk is a complex mixture containing underexplored bioactive lipids. We performed an observational case-control study to compare the impact of delivery mode: caesarean section (CS) and vaginal birth (VB); and term (preterm and term delivery) on the levels of lipokines in human milk at different stages of lactation. Metabolomic analysis of the milk identified triacylglycerol estolides as a metabolic reservoir of the anti-inflammatory lipid mediator 5-palmitic acid ester of hydroxystearic acid (5-PAHSA). We found that triacylglycerol estolides were substrates of carboxyl ester lipase and 5-PAHSA-containing lipids were the least preferred substrates among tested triacylglycerol estolide isomers. This explained exceptionally high colostrum levels of 5-PAHSA in the VB group. CS and preterm birth negatively affected colostrum lipidome, including 5-PAHSA levels, but the lipidomic profiles normalized in mature milk. Mothers delivering term babies vaginally produce colostrum rich in 5-PAHSA, which could contribute to the prevention of intestinal inflammation in newborns.