Cannabinoids as anticancer and neuroprotective drugs: Structural insights and pharmacological interactions—A review. (December 2021)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Pugazhendhi, Arivalagan; Suganthy, Natarajan; Chau, Tan Phat; Sharma, Ashutosh; Unpaprom, Yuwalee; Ramaraj, Rameshprabu; Karuppusamy, Indira; Brindhadevi, Kathirvel
• Is Part Of: Process biochemistry. Volume 111:Part 1(2021)
• Page Start: 9
• Page End: 31
• Publication Date: 2021-12
• Subjects: ATF4 activating transcription factor 4 -- AMPK mammalian 5′-AMP-activated protein kinase -- AEA N-arachidonoylethanolamine, arachidonoylethanolamide, anandamide -- CB1 cannabinoid receptor 1 -- CB2 cannabinoid receptor 2 -- CBD cannabidiol -- CBN cannabinol -- CBDA cannabidiolic acid -- CD cluster of differentiation -- Cdc25A cell division cycle 25 homolog A -- Cdk2 cyclin-dependent kinase 2 -- CaMKKβ calmodulin dependant protein kinase kinase beta -- JNK c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase -- DAG lipase diacylglycerol lipase -- DAG diacylglycerol -- EGF epidermal growth factor -- eIF eukaryotic initiation factor -- ERK extracellular signal-regulated kinases -- FAAH fatty acid amide hydrolase -- GPR G protein-coupled receptor -- HER human epidermal growth factor receptor -- HUVEC human umbilical vein endothelial cells -- ICAM-1 intercellular adhesion molecule-1 -- Id inhibitor of DNA binding -- LAK lymphokine-activated killer cells -- LFA-1 lymphocyte function-associated antigen-1 -- MAGL monoacylglycerol lipase -- MAPK mitogen-activated protein kinase -- Met-F-AEA 2-methyl-20 -F-anandamide -- MMP matrix metalloproteinase -- mTOR mammalian target of rapamycin -- NGF nerve growth factor -- OEA N-oleoylethanolamine, oleoylethanolamide -- PAI-1 plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 -- PEA N-palmitoylethanolamine, palmitoylethanolamide -- PERK protein kinase RNA-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase -- p-GP p-glycoprotein -- PLD phospholipase D -- PLC phospholipase C -- PKC protein kinase -- PPAR peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor -- RSK ribosomal S6 kinase -- RRM1 ribonucleotide reductase subunit M1 -- ROS reactive oxygen species -- SDF1α stromal cell-derived factor-1α -- THC Δ9 tetrahydrocannabinol -- TIMP-1 tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinases-1 -- TRIB 3 tribbles homolog 3 -- TRPM8 transient receptor potential melastatin type-8 -- TRPV transient receptor potential vanilloid -- VEGF vascular endothelial growth factor; Cannabis -- Cannabinoid -- THC -- Cannabidiol -- Cannabinol -- Nano-formulation -- Anti-cancer -- Anti-tumor -- Neurodegeneration; Biochemical engineering -- Periodicals; Biotechnology -- Periodicals; Biochemistry -- periodicals; Biotechnology -- periodicals; Chemical Engineering -- periodicals; Génie biochimique -- Périodiques; Biotechnologie -- Périodiques; Biochemical engineering; Biotechnology; Periodicals; 660.63
• DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2021.08.025
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 1359-5113

Abstract

Graphical abstract: Highlights: Cannabinoids (CB) exhibit anticancer effect via antiproliferation, autophagy and apoptosis. CB inhibit carcinogenesis blocking invasion, angiogenesis and metastasis. Nanoformulated CB enhances drug delivery, bioavailability, biocompatibility. Antioxidant, antiglutamatergic, antiinflammatory effect of CB protect neuronal cells. Abstract: Cannabinoids are the major chemical constituents of the plant Cannabis sativa L. and are known to exhibit a wide range of pharmacological effects viz ., psychotropic, analgesic, anticancer, antiinflammatory, antidiabetic, anticonvulsive, antibacterial and antifungal etc. The use of cannabis, cannabinoids and their products is restricted in several countries due to the high risk of misuse. Recently, cannabinoids have regained the interest of the researchers due to their therapeutic applications. Ever since the discovery of the cannabinoids, most of the studies carried out on the evaluation of their biological activities were limited to only preclinical levels. The quality of the preclinical data still remains only low to moderate, thus, leaving behind an uncertainty in their use for therapeutic applications. Problems associated with the solubility, stability and bioavailability of the cannabinoid drugs are also a major concern in the quality of the study. Nanoparticle based drug delivery system could be a potential method to increase the reliability of the data. While considering the immense pharmacological properties of the cannabinoids, there is an urgency to perform intensive clinical trials and to know their mechanism of action in various disease conditions, evaluate their efficacy and safety, and register them as drug candidates. This review highlights the chemistry, types and biological activities of the cannabinoids such as THC, CBD and CBN in focus with their anticancer activity, neuroprotective effect and nanoformulating the cannabinoid drugs.