Insighting the functionally modified C60 fullerenes as an efficient nonlinear optical materials: A quantum chemical study. (April 2022)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Muhammad, Shabbir; urRehman, Shafiq; Sarwar, Fatima; Bibi, Shamsa; Nadeem, Raziya; Mushtaq, Muhammad Waheed; Al-Sehemi, Abdullah G.; Alarfaji, Saleh S.; Hussain, Sajjad
• Is Part Of: Materials science in semiconductor processing. Volume 141(2022)
• Publication Date: 2022-04
• Subjects: C60 fullerene -- Tetrathiafulvalene -- Nonlinear optical (NLO) polarizability -- Transition density matrix -- Density of states; Semiconductors -- Periodicals; Integrated circuits -- Materials -- Periodicals; Semiconducteurs -- Périodiques; Circuits intégrés -- Matériaux -- Périodiques; Electronic journals; 621.38152
• DOI: 10.1016/j.mssp.2021.106421
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 1369-8001

Abstract

Abstract: It is well-known that π-conjugation plays an important role to tune the nonlinear optical (NLO) response of donor-π-conjugated-acceptor compounds. Fullerenes (C60 ) are one of a few compounds who are abounded with π-conjugation and perhaps are the largest π-conjugation compounds. In the present study, we systematically designed C60 derivatives (2 ( fulleropyrrolidine) and 2a-2c ( fulleropyrrolidine tetrathiafulvalene derivatives where 2a, 2b and 2c are with n = 0, n = 1 and n = 2) through the use of pyrrolidine and tetrathiafulvalene moieties. We applied density functional theory (DFT) methods to calculate their respective geometrical structures, electronic properties, linear and nonlinear optical response properties along with their respective UV–Visible spectra using CAM-B3LYP functional and 6-31G* basis set. The isotropic polarizability (αiso ) and anisotropic polarizability (αaniso ) of 2c was found to be 131.52 × 10 -24 and 47.01 × 10 -24 esu, respectively. Amongst our designed compounds, the maximum second-order nonlinear optical polarizability amplitude ( β // ) of 2c was found to be 15.69 × 10 -30 esu. Interestingly, 2c shows the highest third-order nonlinear polarizability amplitude <γ> of 284.29 × 10 -36 esu that is about three times higher than parent compound 1 . Additionally, frontier molecular orbitals (FMOs), molecular electrostatic potential maps (MEPs), transition density matrix (TDM) analysis indicate more effective charge redistribution from donor moiety to acceptor fragments. The density of states (DOS) diagrams reveal distinct electronic contributions of various fragments in the formation of HOMO and LUMO orbitals resulting in efficient intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) and robust third-order NLO response properties of functionalized fullerene derivatives. The current study may arouse the attention of the scientific society to utilize the extensive π-conjugation of functionalized fullerenes for designing efficient NLO materials. Graphical abstract: Image 1 Highlights: The most abundantly π-conjugated fullerene C60 is functionalized for NLO properties. Systematically C60 derivatives are designed by pyrrolidine and tetrathiafulvalene moieties. Geometries, electronic and NLO response properties are explored by DFT methods. The FMOs, MEPs and TDM analyses indicate effective charge transfer characteristics. Robust third-order NLO response is found in functionalized fullerene derivatives.