Crowdshipping in last mile deliveries: Operational challenges and research opportunities. (December 2021)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Pourrahmani, Elham; Jaller, Miguel
• Is Part Of: Socio-economic planning sciences. Number 78(2022)
• Publication Date: 2021-12
• Subjects: Crowdshipping -- Crowdsource delivery -- Crowd logistics -- Last mile delivery -- Typology; Planning -- Periodicals; Economic policy -- Periodicals; Social policy -- Periodicals; Planification -- Périodiques; Politique économique -- Périodiques; Politique sociale -- Périodiques; ECONOMIC PLANNING; SOCIAL PLANNING; DECISION-MAKING; 361
• DOI: 10.1016/j.seps.2021.101063
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0038-0121

Abstract

Abstract: This paper contributes to the emerging body of research on crowdshipping, which is a collaborative strategy that distributes delivery tasks to a mass of actors that act as ordinary couriers, aiming at reducing delivery costs and supporting sustainability. The study focuses on last mile delivery activities, where numerous app-based delivery platforms have recently emerged. The paper provides an overview of the operational characteristics of these platforms based on an in-depth study of a sample of major crowdshipping services (state-of-practice) and a comprehensive review of the state-of-research. After comparing platform services and characteristics, we identified four core (typological) factors that differentiate services: platform (service) type, delivery type, delivery mode, and pricing strategy; and six categories for service challenges and opportunities. Moreover, the review of the state-of-research synthesized their findings with respect to the identified practical challenges to discover opportunities for future work. Overall, the study found that there is a mismatch between practical challenges and scientific solutions. The literature has not addressed all challenges identified in practice, such as couriers' work conditions and pricing, which are still unresolved issues. The majority of articles were exploratory in nature with their findings based on hypothetical random instances. More research is needed with empirical case studies to evaluate the service net effects on each actor (e.g., senders, receivers, couriers, and platforms) in particular, and on the society in general, in terms of traffic externalities, quality of life, cost and revenue. The paper ends with a discussion of promising areas for future research. Highlights: Crowdshipping benefits the environment when using clean transport modes or through existing trips with a minimal detour. Crowdshipping operation differs based on platform type, pricing strategy, delivery type, and mode. Cost-saving and trust are key determinants for attracting participants into the service. Crowdshipping cost-efficiency depends on couriers' revenue, costs, flexibility, and transport mode. Labor status, market structure, uncertainty and risks, and environmental impacts are among research gaps.