Dietary omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and fish intake and risk of age-related macular degeneration. Issue 12 (December 2021)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Jiang, Hong; Shi, Xin; Fan, Yahui; Wang, Duolao; Li, Baoyu; Zhou, Jin; Pei, Cheng; Ma, Le
• Is Part Of: Clinical nutrition. Volume 40:Issue 12(2021)
• Page Start: 5662
• Page End: 5673
• Publication Date: 2021-12
• Subjects: Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids -- Fish -- Age-related macular degeneration -- Meta-analysis; AHRQ Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality -- ALA alpha-linolenic acid -- AMD age-related macular degeneration -- BMI body mass index -- CIs confidence intervals -- CVD cardiovascular disease -- DHA docosahexaenoic acid -- EPA eicosapentaenoic acid -- FFQ food frequency questionnaire -- NOS Newcastle–Ottawa Scale -- PUFA polyunsaturated fatty acids -- RR relative risk; Critically ill -- Nutrition -- Periodicals; Diet therapy -- Periodicals; Parenteral feeding -- Periodicals; Enteral feeding -- Periodicals; Enteral Nutrition -- Periodicals; Parenteral Nutrition -- Periodicals; Metabolism -- Periodicals; Diétothérapie -- Périodiques; Alimentation parentérale -- Périodiques; Alimentation entérale -- Périodiques; Nutrition -- Périodiques; Diet therapy; Enteral feeding; Nutrition; Parenteral feeding; Electronic journals; Periodicals; Electronic journals; 615.854
• DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2021.10.005
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0261-5614

Abstract

Summary: Background & aims: Epidemiologic studies are inconsistent regarding the association of dietary omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) and/or fish intake with risk of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) incidence and progression. The objective was to determine these associations by conducting a meta-analysis of available studies. Methods: Three electronic databases were searched for studies that quantified dietary omega-3 PUFA and/or fish intake from inception to December 2020 without language restriction. Three investigators independently assessed for inclusion and extracted data. Study-specific risk estimates were combined using random-effects model. Potential dose–response associations were explored with the use of generalized least-squares trend estimation. Results: 21 studies were included in the meta-analysis. Higher dietary intakes of omega-3 PUFA was significantly associated with 14% (relative risk [RR]: 0.86, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.77, 0.96) and 29% (RR: 0.71, 95% CI: 0.55, 0.91) lower risk of early and late AMD, respectively. The dose–response analysis showed a 6% and 22% decrease in the risk of early and late AMD for each additional 1 g/d omega-3 PUFA intake. For individual omega-3 PUFA, the intake of eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid was inversely associated with lower AMD risk, whereas no association was found for the alpha-linolenic acid. Consistent inverse associations were also found between fish intake and AMD. The pooled RRs comparing extreme categories of fish intake were 0.79 (95% CI: 0.70, 0.90) and 0.71 (95% CI: 0.60, 0.85) for early and late AMD risk, respectively. Every 15 g/d of fish consumption was associated with 13% and 14% lower early and late AMD. In addition, fish intake was associated with a significantly reduced risk of AMD progression (RR: 0.73, 95% CI: 0.53, 1.00). Conclusions: A high intake of dietary omega-3 PUFA or fish was associated with a reduced risk of developing of AMD, which further supports that consumption of omega-3 PUFA-rich foods may be a new avenue nutritional approach to preventing AMD.