Indices of Heart Rate Variability and Performance During a Response-Conflict Task Are Differently Associated With ADHD and Autism. Issue 3 (February 2022)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Bellato, Alessio; Arora, Iti; Kochhar, Puja; Hollis, Chris; Groom, Madeleine J.
• Is Part Of: Journal of attention disorders. Volume 26:Issue 3(2022)
• Page Start: 434
• Page End: 446
• Publication Date: 2022-02
• Subjects: ADHD -- autism spectrum disorders -- autonomic nervous system -- heart rate variability -- comorbidity -- response conflict; Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder -- Periodicals; Attention -- Periodicals; 616.8589
• DOI: 10.1177/1087054720972793
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 1087-0547

Abstract

We investigated autonomic arousal, attention and response conflict, in ADHD and autism. Heart rate variability (HRV), and behavioral/electrophysiological indices of performance, were recorded during a task with low and high levels of response conflict in 78 children/adolescents (7–15 years old) with ADHD, autism, comorbid ADHD+autism, or neurotypical. ANOVA models were used to investigate effects of ADHD and autism, while a mediation model was tested to clarify the relationship between ADHD and slower performance. Slower and less accurate performance characterized ADHD and autism; however, atypical electrophysiological indices differently characterized these conditions. The relationship between ADHD and slower task performance was mediated by reduced HRV in response to the cue stimulus. Autonomic hypo-arousal and difficulties in mobilizing energetic resources in response to sensory information (associated with ADHD), and atypical electrophysiological indices of information processing (associated with autism), might negatively affect cognitive performance in those with ADHD+autism.