Shadow Education in Denmark: In the Light of the Danish History of Pedagogy and the Skepticism Toward Competition. (September 2021)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Mikkelsen, Sidse Hølvig; Gravesen, David Thore
• Other Names: Christensen Søren guest-editor.; Zhang (张薇) Wei guest-editor.
• Is Part Of: ECNU review of education. Volume 4:Number 3(2021)
• Page Start: 546
• Page End: 565
• Publication Date: 2021-09
• Subjects: Denmark -- parents' values -- performance culture -- private supplementary tutoring -- shadow education; Education -- China -- Periodicals; Education -- Periodicals; Periodicals; 370.951
• DOI: 10.1177/2096531120983335
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 2096-5311

Abstract

Purpose: This article investigates the role of private supplementary tutoring in Denmark in light of the country's pedagogical traditions in schools and leisure spheres. Design/Approach/Methods: Although tutoring activities are increasing, the phenomenon is not as prevalent in Denmark as in many other countries. In this article, we look into the history of Danish pedagogy for answers as to why this is the case. In the analytical sections of the article, we include research on parental values of child-rearing, as well as findings from a pilot study on Danish families purchasing private supplementary tutoring, the public debate about private tutoring, and contemporary youth research. Findings: With a solid emphasis on democracy and equality in Danish pedagogy, the conditions for increasing private supplementary tutoring in Denmark have been challenged. However, a current focus on global competition, formal competencies, and higher academic performance among children and young people suggests that providers of private tutoring perhaps face a brighter future—also in Denmark. Originality/Value: This article addresses a new field of qualitative research on private supplementary tutoring in Denmark and may be a platform for further reflection and empirical research.