Plasma Nutrient Biomarkers Are Associated with Waist-to-Height Ratio in Youth with Type 1 Diabetes. Issue 3 (21st January 2015)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Wang, Shanshan; Crandell, Jamie L; Couch, Sarah C; King, Irena B; Lawrence, Jean M; Dabelea, Dana; Lamichhane, Archana P; Kim, Grace; Bell, Ronny A; Zhu, Shankuan; Mayer-Davis, Elizabeth J
• Is Part Of: Journal of nutrition. Volume 145:Issue 3(2015)
• Page Start: 579
• Page End: 586
• Publication Date: 2015-01-21
• Subjects: plasma biomarker -- plasma fatty acids -- central obesity -- waist-to-height ratio -- type 1 diabetes; Nutrition -- Periodicals; Diet -- Periodicals; 613.205
• DOI: 10.3945/jn.114.203133
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0022-3166

Abstract

Abstract: Background: Plasma fatty acids (FAs) and micronutrients have been associated with central obesity in adults; however, previous studies of these associations in adults have yielded mixed results. In addition, no comparable research has been conducted among youth with type 1 diabetes (T1D). Objective: We investigated the cross-sectional and longitudinal associations between plasma nutrient biomarkers and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) in youth with T1D. Methods: These analyses included 1324 youth aged 3–20 y at T1D diagnosis with a baseline visit in the SEARCH (Search for Diabetes in Youth) Study and a subset of 1178 of these youth with a follow-up visit an average of 23 mo (range: 16–40 mo) after their baseline visit. Plasma phospholipid FAs and vitamins were measured, and estimated desaturase activities were calculated at baseline. Anthropometric measurements and diabetes-related assessments were collected at each visit. Multiple linear regression was used to examine the association between plasma nutrient biomarkers and WHtR. Results: In cross-sectional analysis, plasma palmitic acid ( P = 0.004), dihomo-γ-linolenic acid (DGLA; P = 0.017) and Δ6 desaturase (D6D; P = 0.006) were positively correlated with WHtR after adjustment of confounders. Oleic acid (OA; P = 0.002), linoleic acid (LA; P = 0.015), Δ9 desaturase 18 (D9D-18; P = 0.027), and vitamin D ( P < 0.0001) were negatively correlated with WHtR after adjustment. Weight status was an effect modifier ( P < 0.05). In normal-weight youth, vitamin D ( P = 0.003) was negatively associated with WHtR. In obese youth, stearic acid ( P = 0.037), DGLA ( P < 0.0001), and D6D ( P < 0.0001) were positively associated and OA ( P = 0.0008), D9D-18 ( P = 0.0006), and vitamin D ( P < 0.0001) were negatively associated with WHtR. In longitudinal analysis, baseline linoleic acid ( P = 0.018), n–6:n–3 (ω-3:ω-6) FA ratio ( P = 0.029), vitamin D ( P = 0.003), and vitamin E ( P < 0.0001) were negatively correlated with WHtR at follow-up only in obese participants. Conclusions: In T1D youth, plasma FAs and vitamins are associated with WHtR and are modified by weight status. These associations are particularly marked in obese youth.