Detection of 94 compounds related to sexual enhancement including sildenafil, tadalafil, vardenafil and their analogues in various formulations of dietary supplements and food samples using HPLC and LC-MS/MS. Issue 5 (4th May 2021)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Lee, Ji Hyun; Min, A. Young; Park, Ok Rim; Han, Ji Hye; Yang, Yoon Ji; Kim, Hyungil; Baek, Sun Young
• Is Part Of: Food additives & contaminants. Volume 38:Issue 5(2021)
• Page Start: 769
• Page End: 781
• Publication Date: 2021-05-04
• Subjects: HPLC -- LC-MS/MS -- PDE-5I -- analogue -- dietary supplements -- food; Food additives -- Periodicals; Food contamination -- Periodicals; 664.06
• DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2021.1881623
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 1944-0049

Abstract

ABSTRACT: With an increase in the detection of structural and functional analogues of phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors (PDE-5i) in dietary supplements (DS) and foods, public health is threatened. Some products advertise natural ingredients despite containing PDE-5i that can cause serious adverse effects on human health. To avoid detection during routine screening, novel PDE-5i have been synthesised and added to DS and foods. The purpose of this study was to detect, identify, and quantify 94 PDE-5i and related compounds in DS and foods. Furthermore, the study investigated the detection cases and compared them by sample type, formulation, and compounds. The HPLC and LC-MS/MS methods were validated for limit of detection (LOD), limit of quantification (LOQ), linearity, and recovery in solid and liquid type samples. Both HPLC and LC-MS/MS showed satisfactory results, which were in conformance with the ICH guidelines. A total of 404 samples, including DS (99), and foods (305) were purchased from online and offline markets. Samples divided into 5 types of formulation were analysed; tablet, capsule, pilula (herbal medicine pill), powder and liquid type. Of these 130 samples (47 of 99 DS, and 83 of 305 foods) contained one or more PDE-5i or related compounds. Among the five types of formulation, the tablet type showed the highest detection rate (61.1%) in DS, whereas the capsule type showed the highest detection rate (53.8%) in food samples. This study will be helpful for monitoring illegal ED-related products, providing information to consumers, and ultimately contributing to protecting public health.