An Insight into the Roles of Dietary Tryptophan and Its Metabolites in Intestinal Inflammation and Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Issue 5 (23rd February 2021)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Li, Xiaolan; Zhang, Zhi‐Hong; Zabed, Hossain M.; Yun, Junhua; Zhang, Guoyan; Qi, Xianghui
• Other Names: Rogler Gerhard guestEditor.; Zaugg Michael guestEditor.
• Is Part Of: Molecular nutrition & food research. Volume 65:Issue 5(2021)
• Page Start: n/a
• Page End: n/a
• Publication Date: 2021-02-23
• Subjects: Crohn's disease -- dietary tryptophan -- inflammatory bowel disease -- tryptophan metabolism -- ulcerative colitis; Food -- Biotechnology -- Periodicals; Food -- Microbiology -- Periodicals; Nutrition -- Periodicals; Food -- Toxicology -- Periodicals; Nutrition -- Periodicals; Food Microbiology -- Periodicals; Food Technology -- Periodicals; Molecular Biology -- Periodicals; 664.0705
• DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202000461
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 1613-4125

Abstract

Abstract: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is complex, chronic, and relapsing gastrointestinal inflammatory disorders, which includes mainly two conditions, namely ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD). Development of IBD in any individual is closely related to his/her autoimmune regulation, gene‐microbiota interactions, and dietary factors. Dietary tryptophan (Trp) is an essential amino acid for intestinal mucosal cells, and it is associated with the intestinal inflammation, epithelial barrier, and energy homeostasis of the host. According to recent studies, Trp and its three major metabolic pathways, namely kynurenine (KYN) pathway, indole pathway, and 5‐hydroxytryptamine (5‐HT) pathway, have vital roles in the regulation of intestinal inflammation by acting directly or indirectly on the pro/anti‐inflammatory cytokines, functions of various immune cells, as well as the intestinal microbial composition and homeostasis. In this review, recent advances in Trp‐ and its metabolites‐associated intestinal inflammation are summarized. It further discusses the complex mechanisms and interrelationships of the three major metabolic pathways of Trp in regulating inflammation, which could elucidate the value of dietary Trp to be used as a nutrient for IBD patients. Abstract : This review discusses the metabolism of dietary tryptophan in three major pathways, namely kynurenine pathway, indole pathway, and 5‐hydroxytryptamine pathway. It also provides an insight into the role of tryptophan in regulating intestinal inflammation by stimulating the secretion of pro/anti‐inflammatory cytokines, improving the functions of various immune cells, and influencing the intestinal microbial composition.