Dietary vitamin D intake, cardiovascular disease and cardiometabolic risk factors: a sex‐based analysis from the ATTICA cohort study. Issue 5 (7th April 2020)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Kouvari, M.; Panagiotakos, D. B.; Chrysohoou, C.; Yannakoulia, M.; Georgousopoulou, E. N.; Tousoulis, D.; Pitsavos, C.
• Is Part Of: Journal of human nutrition and dietetics. Volume 33:Issue 5(2020)
• Page Start: 708
• Page End: 717
• Publication Date: 2020-04-07
• Subjects: calcitriol -- cardiovascular diseases -- gender -- nutrition -- vitamin D; Dietetics -- Periodicals; Nutrition -- Periodicals; 613.205
• DOI: 10.1111/jhn.12748
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0952-3871

Abstract

Abstract: Background: The present study aimed to evaluate the association between dietary vitamin D intake and 10‐year first fatal/nonfatal cardiovascular disease (CVD), conventional CVD risk factors and surrogate markers related to inflammation, coagulation, insulin resistance, liver and renal function. Methods: The ATTICA study was conducted during 2001–2012 including 1514 men and 1528 women (aged >18 years) from the greater Athens area, Greece. Dietary assessment was based on a validated semi‐quantitative food frequency questionnaire. Daily intake of vitamin D was calculated using a standardised food database. Follow‐up (2011–2012) was achieved in 2020 participants ( n = 317 cases). Results: Ranking from first to third vitamin D tertile, CVD events were 24%, 17% and 12% for men ( P = 0 . 002) and 14%, 10% and 11% for women ( P = 0 . 59). Inverse associations between vitamin D and CVD in total sample [hazard ratio (HR) = 0.76 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.60–0.97] and in men (HR = 0.66 95% CI = 0.49–0.89) were observed, and lost after adjusting for inflammation/coagulation markers; for women, no significant trends were observed. Regarding 10‐year onset of conventional risk factors, inverse associations of vitamin D with hypertension in men (HR = 0.62 95% CI = 0.39–0.99) and transition to metabolically unhealthy status in women (HR = 0.69 95% CI = 0.51–0.93) were observed. Significant inverse associations for C‐reactive protein, interleukin‐6 and fibrinogen in both sexes, whereas these were revealed only in women for insulin resistance. Conclusions: Contradicting the neutral/modest associations in vitamin‐D supplementation trials, increased food‐generated vitamin D may protect against hard and intermediate CVD endpoints, implying different paths between sexes. Abstract : The aim of the present work was to evaluate the association between dietary vitamin D intake and 10‐year first fatal/non fatal CVD, conventional CVD risk factors and surrogate markers related with inflammation, coagulation, insulin resistance, liver and renal function. Contradicting the neutral/modest associations in vitamin‐D supplementation trials, increased food‐generated vitamin D may protect against hard and intermediate CVD endpoints implying different paths between sexes.