Abstract : In article number 2001858, Hang Xiao and co‐workers study how oral consumption of food additive TiO2 (E171, 112 nm) or TiO2 nanoparticles (NPs) (33 nm) leads to a series of adverse effects in mice, such as gut microbiota dysbiosis, colonic inflammation, and altered hepatic and colonic proteome. Importantly, TiO2 NPs produce stronger adverse effects than TiO2 (E171), and obese mice are more susceptible to these effects.