The effect of amino acids on non-enzymatic browning of glucosamine: Generation of butterscotch aromatic and bioactive health compounds without detectable levels of neo-formed alkylimidazoles. (5th March 2020)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Dhungel, Prinjiya; Bhattacherjee, Abhishek; Hrynets, Yuliya; Betti, Mirko
• Is Part Of: Food chemistry. Volume 308(2020)
• Publication Date: 2020-03-05
• Subjects: Glucosamine -- Amino acids -- Maillard reaction -- Α-dicarbonyls -- Fructosazine -- Hydroxymethylfurfural -- Alkylimidazoles; Food -- Analysis -- Periodicals; Food -- Composition -- Periodicals; 664
• DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.125612
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0308-8146

Abstract

Highlights: GlcN-amino acid combinations were incubated at 70 °C for 12 h. GlcN-Gly generated greater amount of diacetyl, fructosazine and deoxyfructosazine. Toxic alkylimidazoles were not present in any GlcN-amino acid caramels. Principal component analysis discriminated GlcN-Gly and GlcN-Ser caramels. Abstract: A mixture of glucosamine (GlcN, 15% w/v ) and different amino acids in 1:1 M ratio was incubated at 70 °C for 12 h. The resulting GlcN-amino acid caramels were analysed for α-dicarbonyl compounds, polyhydroxyalkyl pyrazines, heterocyclic compound and alkylimidazoles. All the analyses were performed by using HPLC–MS/MS followed by pooling the variables with principal component analysis (PCA). GlcN-Gly caramels generated the greatest amount of butterscotch aromatic compound diacetyl and polyhydroxyalkyl pyrazines (fructosazine and deoxyfructosazine). The potentially toxic heterocyclic compound, 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) was generated in greater amounts with the GlcN-Arg caramels. However, the toxic alkylimidazoles (4-MEI and THI) were not present in any of the GlcN-amino acid caramels. The results suggest that caramel with butterscotch aroma and bioactivity can be produced with GlcN-amino acid at 70 °C. The PCA performed discriminated the majority of the GlcN-amino acid combinations; GlcN-Gly and GlcN-Ser were best discriminated.