Know your fish: A novel compound-specific isotope approach for tracing wild and farmed salmon. (1st August 2018)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Wang, Yiming V.; Wan, Alex H.L.; Lock, Erik-Jan; Andersen, Nils; Winter-Schuh, Christine; Larsen, Thomas
• Is Part Of: Food chemistry. Volume 256(2018)
• Page Start: 380
• Page End: 389
• Publication Date: 2018-08-01
• Subjects: Histidine (His) -- Isoleucine (Ile) -- Leucine (Leu) -- Phenylalanine (Phe) -- Valine (Val) -- Glycine (Gly) -- Proline (Pro) -- Tyrosine (Tyr) -- Serine (Ser); Compound specific isotope analyses -- Amino acid δ13C fingerprinting -- Bulk δ13C and δ15N analyses -- Organically and conventionally farmed salmon -- Wild Atlantic and Pacific salmon -- Fish diet reconstruction -- Alternative feed ingredients -- Seaweed meal -- Insect meal -- Seafood traceability and authentication; Food -- Analysis -- Periodicals; Food -- Composition -- Periodicals; 664
• DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.02.095
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0308-8146

Abstract

Highlights: A new method for profiling salmon using multivariate analyses of amino acids (AA) δ 13 C was developed. Characteristic δ 13 CAA profiles of distinct groups are referred to as δ 13 CAA fingerprints. The fingerprints can discriminate between wild and organic salmon with high fidelity. The fingerprints are well suited for detecting novel ingredients such as macroalgae and insects. δ 13 C profiles of essential and non-essential AA differ in their source diagnostic abilities. Abstract: The rapid expansion of the aquaculture industry with carnivorous fish such as salmon has been accompanied by an equally rapid development in alternative feed ingredients. This has outpaced the ability of prevailing authentication method to trace the diet and origins of salmon products at the retail end. To close this gap, we developed a new profiling tool based on amino acid δ 13 C fingerprints. With this tool, we discriminated with high-accuracy among wild-caught, organically, and conventionally farmed salmon groups, as well as salmon fed alternative diets such as insects and macroalgae. Substitution of fishmeal with macroalgae was detected at 5% difference level. The δ 13 C fingerprints of essential amino acids appear particularly well suited for tracing protein sources, and the non-essentials for tracing lipid origins (terrestrial vs. aquatic). In an industry constantly developing new feed proteins and functional additives, our method is a promising tool for tracing salmon and other seafood products.