Exploration and confirmation of a reflective-thinking scale to measure transformative learning in online courses. Issue 3 (3rd April 2019)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Zhang, Jie; Dempsey, Patrick
• Is Part Of: Assessment & evaluation in higher education. Volume 44:Issue 3(2019)
• Page Start: 463
• Page End: 475
• Publication Date: 2019-04-03
• Subjects: transformative learning -- reflective thinking -- critical reflection -- confirmatory factor analysis -- multiple-indicators multiple causes (MIMIC) model; Education, Higher -- Evaluation -- Periodicals; 378
• DOI: 10.1080/02602938.2018.1520194
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0260-2938

Abstract

Abstract: Responding to the ubiquity of information and the corresponding need to filter and make sense of it, transformative learning is increasingly being used to frame learning experiences in higher education. While several instruments have been developed to measure transformative learning in educational settings, little work has been done towards an understanding of transformative learning measurement in online environments. This study was conducted over two phases, an initial exploration of a reflective thinking questionnaire with students in an online MBA program of a higher education institution in the mid-Atlantic region of U.S., followed by a confirmatory phase of a refined, three-factor instrument in the same context. This study demonstrated the improved fit and overall interpretability of the three-factor instrument. The measurement invariance of the factor structure has also been examined with a set of covariates.