Xylooligosaccharide supplementation decreases visceral fat accumulation and modulates cecum microbiome in mice. (January 2019)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Long, Jianfeng; Yang, Jieping; Henning, Susanne M.; Woo, Shih Lung; Hsu, Mark; Chan, Brenda; Heber, David; Li, Zhaoping
• Is Part Of: Journal of functional foods. Volume 52(2019)
• Page Start: 138
• Page End: 146
• Publication Date: 2019-01
• Subjects: Xylooligosaccharide -- Complex carbohydrate -- Diet -- Fat accumulation -- Microbiota; XOS xylooligosaccharide -- LSFD low soluble fiber diet -- XLD low dose XOS -- XHD high dose XOS -- SCFAs short chain fatty acids -- NHANES National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey -- GI gastrointestinal -- GF germ free -- HFD high fat diet -- AAA-LAC association for assessment and accreditation of laboratory care -- E-fat epididymal fat -- M-fat mesenteric fat -- TG triglyceride -- TC total cholesterol -- Defa defensins alpha -- Pla2g2a phospholipase A2 -- Reg3γ regenerating islet-derived protein 3 gamma -- Mcp1 monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 -- Il6 interleukin 6 -- Srebf1 sterol regulatory element-binding transcription factor 1 -- Id3 inhibitor of differentiation 3 -- Cebpa CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein alpha -- Pparg peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma -- Ucp1 uncoupling protein 1 -- PGC-1α peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha -- Fasn fatty acid synthase -- Cpt1 carnitine palmitoyltransferase -- Acadl acyl-CoA dehydrogenase long chain -- Fatp1 fatty acid transport protein -- Fabp2 fatty acid-binding protein 2 -- Cd36 cluster of differentiation 36 -- Nfil3 nuclear factor, interleukin 3 -- Il22 interleukin-22 -- Cldn1 claudin-1 -- Zo1 zonula occludens 1 -- Muc2 oligomeric mucus gel-forming -- Ocln occludin -- Crypt cryptogein -- Tnfα tumor necrosis factor alpha -- Gapdh glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase -- QIIME quantitative insights into microbial ecology; Functional foods -- Analysis -- Periodicals; Food -- Biotechnology -- Periodicals; Nutrition -- Periodicals; 613.2
• DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2018.10.035
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 1756-4646

Abstract

Graphical abstract: Highlights: Effects of dietary XOS in mice fed a low soluble fiber diet (LSFD). Dietary XOS induced changes of gut microbial composition. High dose XOS (7%) decreased the obese-related gut bacterial phenotype. High dose XOS (7%) decreased visceral fat depots. The formation of cecal SCFAs was not required for the effect of XOS on adiposity. Abstract: Xylooligosaccharide (XOS), an oligosaccharide with great prebiotic potential, has been shown to modulate the gut microbiota. Our aim was to determine the effects of dietary XOS supplementation on body composition, lipid metabolism and intestinal microbiota using a mouse model. Our data showed that XOS dietary supplementation at 2.1 and 7.0% significantly changed the gut microbial composition. A decrease in visceral fat depots, concentration of inflammatory cytokine MCP-1, and abundance of the two most important obesity associated gut microbial phyla Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes were observed with 7% XOS supplementation. No change in blood or liver lipids was observed with both XOS doses. The production of SCFAs in the cecum was increased and relative abundance of Actinobacteria was decreased with supplementation of both doses of XOS. To conclude, XOS supplementation reduced adiposity through decreasing gene expression of markers of adipogenesis and fat synthesis and induced changes in intestinal microbial composition.