Blueberry proanthocyanidins against human norovirus surrogates in model foods and under simulated gastric conditions. (May 2017)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Joshi, Snehal; Howell, Amy B.; D'Souza, Doris H.
• Is Part Of: Food microbiology. Volume 63(2017:May)
• Page Start: 263
• Page End: 267
• Publication Date: 2017-05
• Subjects: Feline calicivirus -- Murine norovirus -- Blueberry polyphenols -- Model foods -- Simulated gastric conditions; Food Microbiology -- Periodicals; Aliments -- Microbiologie -- Périodiques; Food -- Microbiology; Periodicals; Food -- Microbiology -- Periodicals; Food contamination -- Periodicals; 664.001579
• DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2016.11.024
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0740-0020

Abstract

Abstract: Blueberry proanthocyanidins (B-PAC) are known to decrease titers of human norovirus surrogates in vitro . The application of B-PAC as therapeutic or preventive options against foodborne viral illness needs to be determined using model foods and simulated gastric conditions in vitro . The objective of this study was to evaluate the antiviral effect of B-PAC in model foods (apple juice (AJ) and 2% reduced fat milk) and simulated gastrointestinal fluids against cultivable human norovirus surrogates (feline calicivirus; FCV-F9 and murine norovirus; MNV-1) over 24 h at 37 °C. Equal amounts of each virus (5 log PFU/ml) was mixed with B-PAC (1, 2 and 5 mg/ml) prepared either in AJ, or 2% milk, or simulated gastric fluids and incubated over 24 h at 37 °C. Controls included phosphate buffered saline, malic acid (pH 7.2), AJ, 2% milk or simulated gastric and intestinal fluids incubated with virus over 24 h at 37 °C. The tested viruses were reduced to undetectable levels within 15 min with B-PAC (1, 2 and 5 mg/ml) in AJ (pH 3.6). However, antiviral activity of B-PAC was reduced in milk. FCV-F9 was reduced by 0.4 and 1.09 log PFU/ml with 2 and 5 mg/ml B-PAC in milk, respectively and MNV-1 titers were reduced by 0.81 log PFU/ml with 5 mg/ml B-PAC in milk after 24 h. B-PAC at 5 mg/ml in simulated intestinal fluid reduced titers of the tested viruses to undetectable levels within 30 min. Overall, these results show the potential of B-PAC as preventive and therapeutic options for foodborne viral illnesses. Highlights: Blueberry proanthocyanidin (B-PAC) retained antiviral effect in apple juice. Anti-noroviral activity of B-PAC decreased in milk. B-PAC showed anti-noroviral activity under simulated gastric conditions.