High‐fiber and high‐protein diets shape different gut microbial communities, which ecologically behave similarly under stress conditions, as shown in a gastrointestinal simulator. Issue 1 (16th August 2016)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Marzorati, Massimo; Vilchez‐Vargas, Ramiro; Bussche, Julie Vanden; Truchado, Pilar; Jauregui, Ruy; El Hage, Racha Ahmad; Pieper, Dietmar H.; Vanhaecke, Lynn; Van de Wiele, Tom
• Other Names: Espin Juan Carlos guestEditor.
• Is Part Of: Molecular nutrition & food research. Volume 61:Issue 1(2017)
• Page Start: n/a
• Page End: n/a
• Publication Date: 2016-08-16
• Subjects: Antibiotic -- Functionality -- Gastrointestinal tract -- SHIME® -- Stress; Food -- Biotechnology -- Periodicals; Food -- Microbiology -- Periodicals; Nutrition -- Periodicals; Food -- Toxicology -- Periodicals; Nutrition -- Periodicals; Food Microbiology -- Periodicals; Food Technology -- Periodicals; Molecular Biology -- Periodicals; 664.0705
• DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201600150
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 1613-4125

Abstract

Abstract : The relationship between the structure of gut microbial communities fed with a high‐protein versus a high‐fiber diet and their functional stability when challenged with mild and acute doses of a mix of antibiotics is investigated. The in vitro study conducted with a Simulator of the Human Intestinal Microbial Ecosystem (SHIME®) shows that different diets shape different gut microbial communities, which ecologically behave similarly under stress conditions. Abstract : The aim of this work was to investigate the relationship between the structure of gut microbial communities fed with different diets (i.e. high‐protein—HP‐ versus high‐fiber—HF‐diet) and their functional stability when challenged with mild and acute doses of a mix of amoxicillin, ciprofloxacin, and tetracycline. We made use of the Simulator of the Human Intestinal Microbial Ecosystem (SHIME®)—a continuous model of the gastrointestinal tract—coupled with 16S‐targeted Illumina and metabolomics (i.e. UHPLC‐HRMS) analyses. Independently of the diet, the sudden exposure to an acute stress led to a modification of the microbial community structure, selecting for species belonging to Bacillus spp.; Clostridium cluster XIVa; Enterococci; Bacteroides; and Enterobacteriaceae. The antibiotic treatment led to a decrease in the number of operational taxonomic units (at least –10%). Cluster analysis of untargeted metabolic data showed that the antibiotic treatment affected the microbial activity. The impact on metabolites production was lower when the community was preexposed to mild doses of the antibiotic mix. This effect was stronger in the proximal colon for the HF diet and in the distal colon for the HP diet. Different diets shaped different gut microbial communities, which ecologically behaved similarly under stress conditions.