Authentication of Indian citrus fruit/fruit juices by untargeted and targeted metabolomics. (February 2017)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Jandrić, Z.; Islam, M.; Singh, D.K.; Cannavan, A.
• Is Part Of: Food control. Volume 72:Part B(2017:Feb.)
• Page Start: 181
• Page End: 188
• Publication Date: 2017-02
• Subjects: Indian citrus fruits -- Authentication -- Untargeted -- Targeted; Food -- Quality -- Periodicals; Food -- Analysis -- Periodicals; Food handling -- Periodicals; Food industry and trade -- Quality control -- Periodicals; Aliments -- Industrie et commerce -- Qualité -- Contrôle -- Périodiques; Aliments -- Qualité -- Périodiques; Aliments -- Analyse -- Périodiques; Hygiène alimentaire -- Périodiques; Food -- Analysis; Food handling; Food -- Quality; Periodicals; Electronic journals; 664.07
• DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2015.10.044
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0956-7135

Abstract

Abstract: Citrus fruits are one of the most important horticultural crops grown India, and a food commodity that is often targeted for mislabeling worldwide. Authentic citrus fruit samples (Kinnow mandrain ( citrus nobilis x Citrus deliciosa ), Jaffa and Mosambi orange ( Citrus sinensis ), and Red blush grapefruit ( Citrus paradisi )) were obtained from the Indian Agriculture Research Institute and analysed by an untargeted method using ultra performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-time of flight mass spectrometry to identify characteristic markers that could potentially be used to control citrus fruit authenticity. The most influential markers identified were: didymin, rhoifolin, isorhoifolin, neohesperidin, hesperidin, naringin, narirutin, limonin glucoside, and vicenin-2. A targeted liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method was then optimised for the analysis of these markers. Ratios of limonin glucoside to hesperidin, narirutin, and didymin; narirutin to hesperidin and vicenin-2; didymin to hesperidin and narirutin; and vicenin-2 to didymin, have the potential to be used to test for authenticity of Indian citrus fruits/fruit juices and to detect adulteration down to 2%. In addition, using an untargeted qualitative approach and applying PCA, it was possible to discriminate between authentic and adulterated samples (down to 1%), by generation of Cooman's plots. Highlights: Authentic citrus fruit samples were analysed by untargeted and targeted methods. Cooman's plots of untargeted data allowed detection of adulteration down to 1%. Ratios of identified markers were used in a targeted method for authenticity. Adulteration with other juices was detected down to 2% using the targeted method.