New approach for vitamin E extraction in rainbow trout flesh: Application in fish fed commercial and red seaweed‐supplemented diets. Issue 9 (29th June 2015)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Araújo, Mariana; Alves, Rita C.; Pimentel, Filipa B.; Costa, Anabela S.G.; Fernandes, Telmo J.R.; Valente, Luísa M.P.; Rema, Paulo; Oliveira, M. Beatriz P.P.
• Is Part Of: European journal of lipid science and technology. Volume 117:Issue 9(2015:Sep.)
• Page Start: 1398
• Page End: 1405
• Publication Date: 2015-06-29
• Subjects: Oils and fats, Edible -- Periodicals; Lipids -- Periodicals; 660.63
• DOI: 10.1002/ejlt.201400656
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 1438-7697

Abstract

<abstract abstract-type="main" xml:lang="en"> <title> <x xml:space="preserve">Abstract</x> </title> <sec id="ejlt201400656-sec-0001" sec-type="section"> <p>A vitamin E extraction method for rainbow trout flesh was optimized, validated, and applied in fish fed commercial and <italic>Gracilaria vermiculophylla</italic>‐supplemented diets. Five extraction methods were compared. Vitamers were analyzed by HPLC/DAD/fluorescence. A solid‐liquid extraction with <italic>n</italic>‐hexane, which showed the best performance, was optimized and validated. Among the eight vitamers, only α‐ and γ‐tocopherol were detected in muscle samples. The final method showed good linearity (>0.999), intra‐ (<3.1%) and inter‐day precision (<2.6%), and recoveries (>96%). Detection and quantification limits were 39.9 and 121.0 ng/g of muscle, for α‐tocopherol, and 111.4 ng/g and 337.6 ng/g, for γ‐tocopherol, respectively. Compared to the control group, the dietary inclusion of 5% <italic>G. vermiculophylla</italic> resulted in a slight reduction of lipids in muscle and, consequently, of α‐ and γ‐tocopherol. Nevertheless, vitamin E profile in lipids was maintained. In general, the results may be explained by the lower vitamin E level in seaweed‐containing diet.</p> <p> <bold>Practical Applications:</bold> Based on the validation results and the low solvent consumption, the developed method can be used to analyze vitamin E in rainbow trout. The results of this work are also a valuable information source for fish feed industries and aquaculture producers, which can focus on improving seaweed inclusion in feeds as a source of vitamin E in fish muscle and, therefore, take full advantage of all bioactive components with an important role in fish health and flesh quality.</p> <p> <inline-graphic xlink:href="ark:/27927/pgj2n17wtt8" content-type="ejlt201400656-gra-0001" xlink:type="simple" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" /> </p> <p>Muscle samples from rainbow trout fed a commercial diets were used to select, optimize, and validate an extraction method for vitamin E. The final method was used to extract α and γ‐tocopherol in muscle from rainbow trout fed a control (CTRL) and a seaweed‐supplemented diet (GRA).</p> </sec> </abstract>