Characterization of thiol‐conjugated metabolites of ginger components shogaols in mouse and human urine and modulation of the glutathione levels in cancer cells by [6]‐shogaol. Issue 3 (16th January 2013)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Chen, Huadong; Soroka, Dominique N.; Hu, Yuhui; Chen, Xiaoxin; Sang, Shengmin
• Is Part Of: Molecular nutrition & food research. Volume 57:Issue 3(2013:Mar.)
• Page Start: 447
• Page End: 458
• Publication Date: 2013-01-16
• Subjects: Food -- Biotechnology -- Periodicals; Food -- Microbiology -- Periodicals; Nutrition -- Periodicals; Food -- Toxicology -- Periodicals; Nutrition -- Periodicals; Food Microbiology -- Periodicals; Food Technology -- Periodicals; Molecular Biology -- Periodicals; 664.0705
• DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201200679
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 1613-4125

Abstract

<abstract abstract-type="main"> <title> <x xml:space="preserve">Abstract</x> </title> <sec id="mnfr1910-sec-0010" sec-type="section"> <title>Scope</title> <p>Shogaols, a series of major constituents in dried ginger with the most abundant being [6]‐, [8]‐, and [10]‐shogaols, show much higher anticancer potencies than gingerols. Previously, we reported the mercapturic acid pathway as a major metabolic route for [6]‐shogaol in mice. However, it is still unclear how the side chain length affects the metabolism of shogaols and how shogaols are metabolized in humans.</p> </sec> <sec id="mnfr1910-sec-0020" sec-type="section"> <title>Methods and results</title> <p>We first investigate the metabolism of [10]‐shogaol in mouse urine, and then investigate the biotransformation of shogaols in human urine. Our results show that eight major thiol‐conjugated metabolites of [10]‐shogaol were detected in mouse urine, while six major thiol‐conjugated metabolites of [6]‐shogaol, two thiol‐conjugated metabolites of [8]‐shogaol, and two thiol‐conjugated metabolites of [10]‐shogaol were detected in urine collected from human after drinking ginger tea, using LC/ESI‐MS/MS. Our results clearly indicate the mercapturic acid pathway is a major metabolic route for [10]‐shogaol in mice and for shogaols in human. Furthermore, we also investigated the regulation of glutathione (GSH) by [6]‐shogaol in human colon cancer cells HCT‐116. Our results show [6]‐shogaol, after initially depleting glutathione levels, can subsequently restore and increase GSH levels over time.</p> </sec> <sec id="mnfr1910-sec-0030" sec-type="section"> <title>Conclusion</title> <p>Shogaols are metabolized extensively in mouse and human to form thiol‐conjugated metabolites and GSH might play an important role in the cancer‐preventive activity of ginger.</p> </sec> </abstract>