Electrical processes in organic thin film devices : from bulk materials to nanoscale architectures /: from bulk materials to nanoscale architectures. (2022)

• Record Type: Book
• Further Information: Note: Michael C. Petty.
• Authors: Petty, Michael C
• Contents: Chapter 1 – Electronic and Vibrational States in Organic Solids 1.1 Introduction 1.2 Band Theory for Inorganic Single Crystals 1.2.1 Schrödinger Wave Equation 1.2.2 Density of Electron States 1.2.3 Occupation of Energy States 1.2.4 Conductors, Semiconductors and Insulators 1.2.5 Electrons and Holes 1.2.6 Doping 1.3 Lattice Vibrations 1.4 Amorphous Inorganic Semiconductors 1.5 Organic Semiconductors 1.5.1 Electronic Orbitals and Bands in Important Organic Compounds 1.5.2 Molecular Crystals 1.5.3 Polymers 1.5.4 Charge-transfer Complexes 1.5.5 Graphene 1.5.6 Fullerenes and Carbon Nanotubes 1.5.7 Doping of Organic Semiconductors Problems References Further Reading Chapter 2 – Electrical Conductivity: Fundamental Principles 2.1 Introduction 2.2 Classical Model 2.3 Boltzmann Transport Equation 2.4 Ohm’s Law 2.5 Charge Carrier Mobility 2.6 Equilibrium Carrier Statistics 2.6.1 Intrinsic Conduction 2.6.2 Carrier Generation and Recombination 2.6.3 Extrinsic Conduction 2.6.4 Fermi Level Position 2.6.5 Meyer-Neldel Rule 2.7 Excess Carriers 2.7.1 Quasi-Fermi Level 2.7.2 Diffusion and Drift 2.7.3 Gradients in the Quasi-Fermi Levels 2.7.4 Carrier Lifetime 2.8 Superconductivity Problems References Further Reading Chapter 3 – Defects and Nanoscale Phenomena 3.1 Introduction 3.2 Material Purity 3.3 Point and Line Defects 3.4 Traps and Recombination Centres 3.4.1 Direct Recombination 3.4.2 Recombination via Traps 3.5 Grain Boundaries and Surfaces 3.5.1 Interface States 3.6 Polymer Defects 3.6.1 Solitons 3.6.2 Polarons and Bipolarons 3.7 Disordered Semiconductors 3.8 Electron Transport in Low Dimensional Systems 3.8.1 Two-dimensional Transport 3.8.2 One-dimensional Transport 3.8.3 Zero-dimensional Transport 3.9 Nanosystems 3.9.1 Scaling Laws 3.9.2 Interatomic Forces Problems References Further Reading Chapter 4 – Electrical Contacts: Ohmic and Rectifying Behaviour 4.1 Introduction 4.2 Practical Considerations 4.3 Neutral, Ohmic and Blocking Contacts 4.4 Schottky Barrier 4.4.1 Barrier Formation 4.4.2 Image Force 4.4.3 Current versus Voltage Behaviour 4.4.4 Effect of an Interfacial Layer 4.4.5 Organic Schottky Diodes 4.5 Molecular Devices 4.5.1 Metal/Molecule Contacts 4.5.2 Break Junctions 4.5.3 Molecular Rectifying Diodes 4.5.4 Molecular Resonant Tunnelling Devices Problems References Further Reading Chapter 5 – Metal/Insulator/Semiconductor Devices: The Field Effect 5.1 Introduction 5.2 Ideal MIS device 5.3 Departures from Ideality 5.3.1 Insulator Charge and Work Function Differences 5.3.2 Interface Traps 5.4 Organic MIS Devices 5.4.1 Inorganic Semiconductor/Organic Insulator Structures 5.4.2 Organic Semiconductor Structures Problems References Further Reading Chapter 6 – DC Conductivity 6.1 Introduction 6.2 Electronic versus Ionic Conductivity 6.3 Quantum Mechanical Tunnelling 6.4 Variable Range Hopping 6.5 Fluctuation-induced Tunnelling 6.6 Space Charge Injection 6.6.1 Effect of Traps 6.6.2 Two-carrier Injection 6.7 Schottky, Fowler-Nordheim and Poole-Frenkel Effects 6.8 Electrical Breakdown 6.8.1 Intrinsic Breakdown 6.8.2 Electromechanical Breakdown 6.8.3 Thermal Runaway 6.8.4 Contact Instability 6.8.5 Other Effects 6.9 Electromigration 6.10 Measurement of Trapping Parameters 6.10.1 Thermally Stimulated Conductivity 6.10.2 Capacitance Spectroscopy Problems References Further Reading Chapter 7 – Polarization and AC Conductivity 7.1 Introduction 7.2 Polarization 7.2.1 Dipole Creation 7.2.2 Permanent Polarization 7.2.3 Piezoelectricity, Pyroelectricity and Ferroelectricity 7.3 Conductivity at High Frequencies 7.3.1 Displacement Current 7.3.2 Frequency-dependent Permittivity 7.3.3 AC Conductivity 7.4 Impedance Spectroscopy 7.5 AC Electrical Measurements 7.5.1 Lock-in Amplifier 7.5.2 Scanning Microscopy 7.6 Electrical Noise Problems References Further Reading Chapter 8 – Organic Field Effect Transistors 8.1 Introduction 8.2 Physics of Operation 8.3 Transistor Fabrication 8.4 Practical Device Behaviour 8.4.1 Contact Resistance 8.4.2 Material Morphology and Traps 8.4.3 Short Channel Effects 8.4.4 Organic Semiconductors 8.4.5 Gate Dielectric 8.5 Organic Integrated Circuits 8.6 Nanotube and Graphene FETs 8.7 Single-electron Transistors 8.8 Transistor-based Chemical Sensors 8.8.1 Ion-sensitive FETs 8.8.2 Charge-flow Transistor Problems References Further Reading Chapter 9 – Electronic Memory 9.1 Introduction 9.2 Memory Types 9.3 Resistive Memory 9.4 Organic Flash Memory 9.5 Ferroelectric RAMs 9.6 Spintronics 9.7 Molecular Memories Problems References Further Reading Chapter 10 – Light-emitting Devices 10.1 Introduction 10.2 Light Emission Processes 10.3 Operating Principles 10.4 Colour Measurement 10.5 Photometric Units 10.6 OLED Efficiency 10.7 Device Architectures 10.7.1 Top- and Bottom-emitting OLEDs 10.7.2 Electrodes 10.7.3 Hole- and Electron-transport Layers 10.7.4 Triplet Management 10.7.5 Blended-layer and Molecularly-engineered Devices 10.8 Increasing the Light Output 10.8.1 Efficiency Losses 10.8.2 Microlenses and Shaped Substrates 10.8.3 Microcavities 10.8.4 Device Degradation 10.9 Full-colour Displays 10.10 Organic Semiconductor Lasers 10.11 OLED Lighting 10.12 Light-emitting Electrochemical Cells 10.13 Light-emitting Transistors Problems References Further Reading Chapter 11 – Photoconductive and Photovoltaic Devices 11.1 Introduction 11.2 Photoconductivity 11.2.1 Optical Absorption 11.2.2 Carrier Lifetime 11.2.3 Photosenstivity 11.3 Xerography 11.4 Photovoltaic Principles 11.4.1 Electrical Characteristics 11.4.2 Efficiency 11.5 Organic Solar Cells 11.5.1 Carrier Collection 11.5.2 Bulk Heterojunction Solar Cells 11.5.3 Electrodes and Device Architectures 11.5.4 Tandem Cells 11.5.5 Upconversion 11.5.6 Device Degradation 11.6 Dye-sensitized Solar Cells 11.
• Edition: 1st
• Publisher Details: Hoboken : John Wiley & Sons, Inc
• Publication Date: 2022
• Extent: 1 online resource
• Subjects: 621.38152; Organic semiconductors; Organic thin films
• Languages: English
• ISBNs: 9781119631347
• Related ISBNs: 9781119631279
• Notes: Note: Includes bibliographical references and index.; Note: Description based on CIP data; resource not viewed.
• Access Rights: Legal Deposit; Only available on premises controlled by the deposit library and to one user at any one time; The Legal Deposit Libraries (Non-Print Works) Regulations (UK).
• Access Usage: Restricted: Printing from this resource is governed by The Legal Deposit Libraries (Non-Print Works) Regulations (UK) and UK copyright law currently in force.