N protein‐based ultrasensitive SARS‐CoV‐2 antibody detection in seconds via 3D nanoprinted, microarchitected array electrodes. Issue 5 (26th January 2022)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Ali, Md. Azahar; Hu, Chunshan; Zhang, Fei; Jahan, Sanjida; Yuan, Bin; Saleh, Mohammad S.; Gao, Shou‐Jiang; Panat, Rahul
• Other Names: Luo Guangxiang (George) guestEditor.; Ly Hinh guestEditor.; Gao Shou‐Jiang guestEditor.
• Is Part Of: Journal of medical virology. Volume 94:Issue 5(2022)
• Page Start: 2067
• Page End: 2078
• Publication Date: 2022-01-26
• Subjects: 3D printing and functional sensors -- antibody -- SARS‐CoV‐2 -- N protein; Virology -- Periodicals; 616
• DOI: 10.1002/jmv.27591
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0146-6615

Abstract

Abstract: Rapid detection of antibodies to SARS‐CoV‐2 is critical for COVID‐19 diagnostics, epidemiological research, and studies related to vaccine evaluation. It is known that the nucleocapsid (N) is the most abundant protein of SARS‐CoV‐2 and can serve as an excellent biomarker due to its strong immunogenicity. This paper reports a rapid and ultrasensitive 3D biosensor for quantification of COVID‐19 antibodies in seconds via electrochemical transduction. This sensor consists of an array of three‐dimensional micro‐length‐scale electrode architecture that is fabricated by aerosol jet 3D printing, which is an additive manufacturing technique. The micropillar array is coated with N proteins via an intermediate layer of nano‐graphene and is integrated into a microfluidic channel to complete an electrochemical cell that uses antibody‐antigen interaction to detect the antibodies to the N protein. Due to the structural innovation in the electrode geometry, the sensing is achieved in seconds, and the sensor shows an excellent limit of detection of 13 fm and an optimal detection range of 100 fm to 1 nm. Furthermore, the sensor can be regenerated at least 10 times, which reduces the cost per test. This work provides a powerful platform for rapid screening of antibodies to SARS‐CoV‐2 after infection or vaccination. Highlights: This work demonstrates a microfluidic biosensor with 3D printed array electrodes that detects nucleocapsid (N) antibodies to SARS‐CoV‐2 in mere 10‐12 seconds. This breakthrough technology will save lives and help in the management of the ongoing COVID‐19 pandemic.