Cannabis positivity rates in 17 emergency departments across the United States with varying degrees of marijuana legalization. (3rd April 2023)
- Record Type:
- Journal Article
- Title:
- Cannabis positivity rates in 17 emergency departments across the United States with varying degrees of marijuana legalization. (3rd April 2023)
- Main Title:
- Cannabis positivity rates in 17 emergency departments across the United States with varying degrees of marijuana legalization
- Authors:
- Tolan, Nicole V.
Krasowski, Matthew D.
Mathias, Patrick C.
Wiencek, Joesph R.
Babic, Nikolina
Chai, Peter R.
Chambliss, Allison B.
Choucair, Ibrahim
Demetriou, Christiana A.
Erickson, Timothy B.
Feldhammer, Matthew
French, Deborah
Hayes, Bryan D.
Kang, Phillip
El-Khoury, Joe M.
Knezevic, Claire E.
Monte, Andrew
Nerenz, Robert D.
Okorodudu, Anthony O.
Roper, Stephen M.
Saitman, Alec
Thiriveedhi, Vamsi
Uljon, Sacha N.
Vest, Alexis
Woodworth, Alison
Yu, Min
Melanson, Stacy E. F. - Abstract:
- Abstract: Background: Many states in the United States have progressed towards legalization of marijuana including decriminalization, medicinal and/or recreational use. We studied the impact of legalization on cannabis-related emergency department visits in states with varying degrees of legalization. Methods: Seventeen healthcare institutions in fifteen states (California, Colorado, Connecticut, Florida, Iowa, Kentucky, Maryland, Massachusetts, Missouri, New Hampshire, Oregon, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Washington) participated. Cannabinoid immunoassay results and cannabis-related International Classification of Diseases (ninth and tenth versions) codes were obtained for emergency department visits over a 3- to 8-year period during various stages of legalization: no state laws, decriminalized, medical approval before dispensaries, medical dispensaries available, recreational approval before dispensaries and recreational dispensaries available. Trends and monthly rates of cannabinoid immunoassay and cannabis-related International Classification of Diseases code positivity were determined during these legalization periods. Results: For most states, there was a significant increase in both cannabinoid immunoassay and International Classification of Diseases code positivity as legalization progressed; however, positivity rates differed. The availability of dispensaries may impact positivity in states with medical and/or recreational approval. In most states with no laws,Abstract: Background: Many states in the United States have progressed towards legalization of marijuana including decriminalization, medicinal and/or recreational use. We studied the impact of legalization on cannabis-related emergency department visits in states with varying degrees of legalization. Methods: Seventeen healthcare institutions in fifteen states (California, Colorado, Connecticut, Florida, Iowa, Kentucky, Maryland, Massachusetts, Missouri, New Hampshire, Oregon, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Washington) participated. Cannabinoid immunoassay results and cannabis-related International Classification of Diseases (ninth and tenth versions) codes were obtained for emergency department visits over a 3- to 8-year period during various stages of legalization: no state laws, decriminalized, medical approval before dispensaries, medical dispensaries available, recreational approval before dispensaries and recreational dispensaries available. Trends and monthly rates of cannabinoid immunoassay and cannabis-related International Classification of Diseases code positivity were determined during these legalization periods. Results: For most states, there was a significant increase in both cannabinoid immunoassay and International Classification of Diseases code positivity as legalization progressed; however, positivity rates differed. The availability of dispensaries may impact positivity in states with medical and/or recreational approval. In most states with no laws, there was a significant but smaller increase in cannabinoid immunoassay positivity rates. Conclusions: States may experience an increase in cannabis-related emergency department visits with progression toward marijuana legalization. The differences between states, including those in which no impact was seen, are likely multifactorial and include cultural norms, attitudes of local law enforcement, differing patient populations, legalization in surrounding states, availability of dispensaries, various ordering protocols in the emergency department, and the prevalence of non-regulated cannabis products. … (more)
- Is Part Of:
- Clinical toxicology. Volume 61:Number 4(2023)
- Journal:
- Clinical toxicology
- Issue:
- Volume 61:Number 4(2023)
- Issue Display:
- Volume 61, Issue 4 (2023)
- Year:
- 2023
- Volume:
- 61
- Issue:
- 4
- Issue Sort Value:
- 2023-0061-0004-0000
- Page Start:
- 248
- Page End:
- 259
- Publication Date:
- 2023-04-03
- Subjects:
- Marijuana -- cannabis -- Tetrahydrocannabinol -- urine drug screen -- ICD codes -- legalization -- decriminalization -- recreational use
Toxicology -- Periodicals
Toxicological emergencies -- Periodicals
615.9 - Journal URLs:
- http://informahealthcare.com/loi/ctx ↗
http://informahealthcare.com ↗ - DOI:
- 10.1080/15563650.2023.2177552 ↗
- Languages:
- English
- ISSNs:
- 1556-3650
- Deposit Type:
- Legaldeposit
- View Content:
- Available online (eLD content is only available in our Reading Rooms) ↗
- Physical Locations:
- British Library DSC - 3286.399550
British Library DSC - BLDSS-3PM
British Library HMNTS - ELD Digital store - Ingest File:
- 27078.xml