Global, regional and national burden of bladder cancer and its attributable risk factors in 204 countries and territories, 1990–2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease study 2019. Issue 11 (29th November 2021)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Safiri, Saeid; Kolahi, Ali-Asghar; Naghavi, Mohsen
• Other Names: author non-byline.; Safiri Saeid author non-byline.; Kolahi Ali-Asghar author non-byline.; Nejadghaderi Seyed Aria author non-byline.; Mansournia Mohammad Ali author non-byline.; Sullman Mark J M author non-byline.; Almasi-Hashiani Amir author non-byline.; Sepidarkish Mahdi author non-byline.; Ashrafi-Asgarabad Ahad author non-byline.; Abdoli Amir author non-byline.; Abu-Gharbieh Eman author non-byline.; Advani Shailesh M author non-byline.; Alahdab Fares author non-byline.; Alipour Vahid author non-byline.; Amini Erfan author non-byline.; Anbesu Etsay Woldu author non-byline.; Anderson Jason A author non-byline.; Arabloo Jalal author non-byline.; Awedew Atalel Fentahun author non-byline.; Baig Atif Amin author non-byline.; Bhagavathula Akshaya Srikanth author non-byline.; Bijani Ali author non-byline.; Biondi Antonio author non-byline.; Bjørge Tone author non-byline.; Braithwaite Dejana author non-byline.; Caetano dos Santos Florentino Luciano author non-byline.; Carreras Giulia author non-byline.; Carvalho Felix author non-byline.; Chu Dinh-Toi author non-byline.; Compton Kelly author non-byline.; Costa Vera Marisa author non-byline.; Dai Xiaochen author non-byline.; Dandona Lalit author non-byline.; Dandona Rakhi author non-byline.; Molla Meseret Derbew author non-byline.; Desta Abebaw Alemayehu author non-byline.; Dianatinasab Mostafa author non-byline.; Ebrahimi Hedyeh author non-byline.; Eftekharzadeh Sahar author non-byline.; Sayed Iman El author non-byline.; Eshrati Babak author non-byline.; Farzadfar Farshad author non-byline.; Feleke Berhanu Elfu author non-byline.; Fernandes Eduarda author non-byline.; Filip Irina author non-byline.; Fomenkov Artem Alekseevich author non-byline.; Gallus Silvano author non-byline.; Ghafourifard Mansour author non-byline.; Ghashghaee Ahmad author non-byline.; Golechha Mahaveer author non-byline.; Gonfa Kebebe Bekele author non-byline.; Gorini Giuseppe author non-byline.; Hafezi-Nejad Nima author non-byline.; Hamidi Samer author non-byline.; Harvey James D author non-byline.; Hassanipour Soheil author non-byline.; Hay Simon I author non-byline.; Henrikson Hannah Jacqueline author non-byline.; Househ Mowafa author non-byline.; Ibitoye Segun Emmanuel author non-byline.; Ilesanmi Olayinka Stephen author non-byline.; Ilic Irena M author non-byline.; Ilic Milena D author non-byline.; Joukar Farahnaz author non-byline.; Anil Kumar G author non-byline.; Vecchia Carlo La author non-byline.; Ladi-Seyedian Seyedeh-Sanam author non-byline.; Lami Faris Hasan author non-byline.; Landires Iván author non-byline.; Li Bingyu author non-byline.; Lugo Alessandra author non-byline.; Majeed Azeem author non-byline.; Malekzadeh Reza author non-byline.; Mestrovic Tomislav author non-byline.; Miazgowski Bartosz author non-byline.; Michalek Irmina Maria author non-byline.; Moghadaszadeh Masoud author non-byline.; Mohamad Osama author non-byline.; Mohammadian-Hafshejani Abdollah author non-byline.; Mohammadpourhodki Reza author non-byline.; Mohammed Shafiu author non-byline.; Mokdad Ali H author non-byline.; Molokhia Mariam author non-byline.; Monasta Lorenzo author non-byline.; Moradzadeh Rahmatollah author non-byline.; Nabavizadeh Behnam author non-byline.; Naimzada Mukhammad David author non-byline.; Nguyen Cuong Tat author non-byline.; Nguyen Huong Lan Thi author non-byline.; Nikbakhsh Rajan author non-byline.; Nowroozi Mohammad Reza author non-byline.; Nuñez-Samudio Virginia author non-byline.; Otstavnov Stanislav S author non-byline.; Pham Hai Quang author non-byline.; Pirestani Majid author non-byline.; Pottoo Faheem Hyder author non-byline.; Rabiee Navid author non-byline.; Radfar Amir author non-byline.; Rafiei Alireza author non-byline.; Rathi Priya author non-byline.; Rawaf David Laith author non-byline.; Rawaf Salman author non-byline.; Rezaei Nima author non-byline.; Roberts Nicholas L S author non-byline.; Roshandel Gholamreza author non-byline.; Samy Abdallah M author non-byline.; Sepanlou Sadaf G author non-byline.; Sha Feng author non-byline.; Shaikh Masood Ali author non-byline.; Sheikhbahaei Sara author non-byline.; Malleshappa Sudeep K Siddappa author non-byline.; Singh Jasvinder A author non-byline.; Spurlock Emma Elizabeth author non-byline.; Tadesse Eyayou Girma author non-byline.; Tefera Yonas Getaye author non-byline.; Tekalegn Yohannes author non-byline.; Titova Mariya Vladimirovna author non-byline.; Topor-Madry Roman author non-byline.; Traini Eugenio author non-byline.; Tran Bach Xuan author non-byline.; Tran Khanh Bao author non-byline.; Travillian Ravensara S author non-byline.; Vacante Marco author non-byline.; Xu Rixing author non-byline.; Yeshitila Yordanos Gizachew author non-byline.; Zadnik Vesna author non-byline.; Zamanian Maryam author non-byline.; Zhang Zhi-Jiang author non-byline.; Naghavi Mohsen author non-byline.;
• Is Part Of: BMJ global health. Volume 6:Issue 11(2021)
• Publication Date: 2021-11-29
• Subjects: cancer -- epidemiology; World health -- Periodicals; 362.105
• DOI: 10.1136/bmjgh-2020-004128
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 2059-7908

Abstract

Abstract : Introduction: The current study determined the level and trends associated with the incidence, death and disability rates for bladder cancer and its attributable risk factors in 204 countries and territories, from 1990 to 2019, by age, sex and sociodemographic index (SDI; a composite measure of sociodemographic factors). Methods: Various data sources from different countries, including vital registration and cancer registries were used to generate estimates. Mortality data and incidence data transformed to mortality estimates using the mortality to incidence ratio (MIR) were used in a cause of death ensemble model to estimate mortality. Mortality estimates were divided by the MIR to produce incidence estimates. Prevalence was calculated using incidence and MIR-based survival estimates. Age-specific mortality and standardised life expectancy were used to estimate years of life lost (YLLs). Prevalence was multiplied by disability weights to estimate years lived with disability (YLDs), while disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) are the sum of the YLLs and YLDs. All estimates were presented as counts and age-standardised rates per 100 000 population. Results: Globally, there were 524 000 bladder cancer incident cases (95% uncertainty interval 476 000 to 569 000) and 229 000 bladder cancer deaths (211 000 to 243 000) in 2019. Age-standardised death rate decreased by 15.7% (8.6 to 21.0), during the period 1990–2019. Bladder cancer accounted for 4.39 million (4.09 to 4.70) DALYs in 2019, and the age-standardised DALY rate decreased significantly by 18.6% (11.2 to 24.3) during the period 1990–2019. In 2019, Monaco had the highest age-standardised incidence rate (31.9 cases (23.3 to 56.9) per 100 000), while Lebanon had the highest age-standardised death rate (10.4 (8.1 to 13.7)). Cabo Verde had the highest increase in age-standardised incidence (284.2% (214.1 to 362.8)) and death rates (190.3% (139.3 to 251.1)) between 1990 and 2019. In 2019, the global age-standardised incidence and death rates were higher among males than females, across all age groups and peaked in the 95+ age group. Globally, 36.8% (28.5 to 44.0) of bladder cancer DALYs were attributable to smoking, more so in males than females (43.7% (34.0 to 51.8) vs 15.2% (10.9 to 19.4)). In addition, 9.1% (1.9 to 19.6) of the DALYs were attributable to elevated fasting plasma glucose (FPG) (males 9.3% (1.6 to 20.9); females 8.4% (1.6 to 19.1)). Conclusions: There was considerable variation in the burden of bladder cancer between countries during the period 1990–2019. Although there was a clear global decrease in the age-standardised death, and DALY rates, some countries experienced an increase in these rates. National policy makers should learn from these differences, and allocate resources for preventative measures, based on their country-specific estimates. In addition, smoking and elevated FPG play an important role in the burden of bladder cancer and need to be addressed with prevention programmes.