Clinical outcomes of ultrasound-assisted coagulation monitoring-adjusted catheter-directed thrombolysis for acute pulmonary embolism. Issue 225 (May 2023) - Zbinden, Stephanie
Abstract: Background: Ultrasound-assisted catheter-directed thrombolysis (USAT) may reverse right ventricular dysfunction due to acute pulmonary embolism (PE) with a favorable safety profile. Methods: We studied intermediate-high- and high-risk acute PE patients who underwent USAT at the University Hospital Zurich, 2018–2022. The USAT regimen included alteplase 10 mg per catheter over 15 h, therapeutic-dosed heparin, and dosage adaptations based on routinely monitored coagulation parameters, notably anti-factor Xa activity and fibrinogen. We focused on the mean pulmonary arterial pressure (mPAP) and the National Early Warning Score (NEWS) before and after USAT, and reported the incidence of hemodynamic decompensation, PE recurrence, major bleeding, and death over 30 days. Results: We included 161 patients: 96 (59.6 %) were men and the mean age was 67.8 (SD 14.6) years. Mean PAP decreased from a mean of 35.6 (SD 9.8) to 25.6 (SD 8.2) mmHg, whereas the NEWS decreased from a median of 5 (Q1-Q3 4–6) to 3 (Q1-Q3 2–4) points. No cases of hemodynamic decompensation occurred. One (0.6 %) patient had an episode of recurrent PE. Two (1.2 %) major bleeding events occurred, including one (0.6 %) intracranial, fatal hemorrhage in a patient with high-risk PE, severe heparin overdosing, and a recent head trauma (with negative CT scan of the brain performed at baseline). No other deaths occurred. Conclusions: USAT resulted in a rapid improvement of hemodynamic parameters among patients with intermediate-high risk acute PE and selected ones with high-risk acute PE, without any recorded deaths related to PE itself. A strategy including USAT, therapeutic-dosed heparin, and routinely monitored coagulation parameters may partly explain the overall very low rate of major bleeding. Highlights: We treated 161 intermediate-high to high-risk acute PE patients with USAT. Mean PAP decreased from 35.6 (SD 9.8) to 25.6 (SD 8.2) mmHg after USAT. The NEWS dropped from 5 (Q1-Q3 4–6) to 3 (Q1-Q3 2–4) points after USAT. No cases of hemodynamic decompensation and of PE-related death occurred. Two (1.2 %) major bleedings, including one (0.6 %) intracranial hemorrhage