Acorus calamus var. angustatus Besser: Insight into current research on ethnopharmacological use, phytochemistry, pharmacology, toxicology, and pharmacokinetics. (June 2023)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: He, Xirui; Chen, Xufei; Yang, Yan; Liu, Yujie; Xie, Yulu
• Is Part Of: Phytochemistry. Volume 210(2023)
• Publication Date: 2023-06
• Subjects: Acorus calamus var. angustatus Besser -- Acoraceae -- Ethnopharmacology -- Phytochemistry -- Pharmacology -- Toxicology -- Pharmacokinetics; 3-MP 3-mercaptopropionic acid -- 5HT Serotonin -- 5-HT1B Serotonin R1B -- 6-OHDA 6-hydroxydopamine -- A549 Non-small cell lung cancer cell line -- AchE Acetylcholinesterase -- ACS American Chemical Society -- AD Alzheimer's disease -- AGS Human gastric adenocarcinoma cells -- AMPAR α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isox-azolepropionic acid receptor -- APP Amyloid precursor protein -- Aβ42 Amyloid beta 42 -- BACE1 Beta-secretase 1 -- Bcl-2 B-cell lymphoma-2 -- BDNF Brain-derived neurotrophic factor -- BECN1 Recombinant Beclin 1 -- Caco-2 Human colorectal adenocarcinoma cells -- CaMKⅡ Calmodulin dependent protein kinase II -- CCL2 Chemotactic factor -- CHOP C/Ebp-homologous protein -- CNKI Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure -- CNPase 2′, 3′-cyclic nucleotide 3′-phosphodiesterase -- COX-2 Cyclooxygenase-2 -- CP Chinese Pharmacopoeia -- CTSK Cathepsin K -- DA Dopaminergic -- DENV Dengue virus type -- DPPH 1, 1-diphenyl-2-trinitrophenylhydrazine -- ED50 Median effective dose -- ERK Extracellular regulated protein kinases -- GABA Gamma aminobutyric acid -- GABAA Gamma-aminobutyric acid type A -- GDNF Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor -- GFAP Glial fbrillary acidic protein -- GLT1 Glutamate transporter 1 -- Glu Glutamate -- GluR2 Glutamate receptor 2 -- GRP78 Glucose regulated protein 78 -- H2O2 Hydrogen peroxide -- HCC827 Human non-small cell lung cancer cells -- HL-60 Human acute promyelocytic leukemia cells -- HPLC-UV High performance liquid chromatograph with UV detector -- Iba-1 Ionized calcium binding adapter molecule 1 -- IL-1β Interleukin-1β -- IL-6 Interleukin-6 -- i-NOS Nitric oxide synthase -- IRE1α Inositol-requiring enzyme 1α -- JAK2 Tyrosine-protein kinase/Janus kinase 2 -- JNK c-Jun N-terminal kinase -- LAD2 Human mast cell line -- LC/MSD Liquid chromatograph interfaced to a single quadrupole mass spectrometer detector -- LC-QTOF-MS/MS Liquid chromatograph interfaced to a quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometer -- LD50 Median lethal dose -- LDH Lactate dehydrogenase -- MAPK Mitogen-activated protein kinase -- MCF-7 Human breast cancer cell line -- MCP-1 Human macrophage chemoattractant protein-1 -- MES Maximal electroshock seizure -- MMP-9 Matrix metalloproteinase-9 -- NCI–H1299 Non-small cell lung cancer -- NCI–H1650 Human non-small cell lung cancer cell -- NFATc1 Recombinant nuclear factor of activated T-cells -- NF-κB Nuclear factor kappa-B -- NGF Nerve growth factor -- NLRP3 NOD-like receptor thermal protein domain associated protein 3 -- NMDA N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor -- NMDAR2B N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor NR2B subunit -- NMR Nuclear magnetic resonance -- nNOS Neuronal nitric oxide synthase -- NO Nitric oxide -- NPCs Neural progenitor cells -- NREM Non-rapid eye movement -- NRP1 Neuropilin-1 -- NSE Neuron-specific enolase -- OCs Osteoclast -- OGD/R Oxygen-glucose deprivation and reoxygenation -- ORAC Oxygen radical absorbance capacity -- p-Akt Phosphorylated protein kinase B -- PD Parkinson's disease -- PDGFR-α Platelet-derived growth factor-α -- PERK KR-like ER-resident kinase -- PI3K Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase -- PKA Protein kinase A system -- p-mTOR Phosphorylated rapamycin target protein -- PPARγ Peroxisome proliferators-activated receptors γ -- PS1 Presenilin-1 -- PTZ Pentylenetetrazole -- RANKL Receptor activator of nuclear factor-κ B ligand -- SERT Serotonin transporter -- SMMC-7721 Human hepatoma cells -- STAT3 Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 -- SYN1 Recombinant synapsin I -- TCM Traditional Chinese medicine -- TE-1 Human esophageal cancer cells -- TNF Tumor necrosis factor -- TPH2 Tryptophan hydroxylase 2 -- U87-MG Human astroblastoma cells -- XBP1 Recombinant X-Box binding protein 1; Botanical chemistry -- Periodicals; Biochemistry -- Periodicals; Botany -- Periodicals; Chimie végétale -- Périodiques; 572.2
• DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2023.113626
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0031-9422

Abstract

Abstract: A. calamus var. angustatus Besser is an important traditional medicinal herb commonly used in China and other Asian countries. This study is the first systematic review of the literature to thoroughly analyze the ethnopharmacological application, phytochemistry, pharmacology, toxicology and pharmacokinetic properties of A. calamus var. angustatus Besser and provides a rationale for future research and prospects for application in clinical treatment. Information on relevant studies investigating A. calamus var. angustatus Besser was collected from SciFinder, the Web of Science, PubMed, CNKI, Elsevier, ResearchGate, ACS, Flora of China, and Baidu Scholar, etc. up to December 2022. In addition, information was also obtained from Pharmacopeias, books on Chinese herbal classics, local books, as well as PhD and MS dissertations. A. calamus var. angustatus Besser has played an important role in the herbal treatment of coma, convulsion, amnesia, and dementia for thousands of years. Studies investigating the chemical constituents of A. calamus var. angustatus Besser have isolated and identified 234 small-molecule compounds and a few polysaccharides. Among them, simple phenylpropanoids represented by asarone analogues and lignans are the two main active ingredients, which can be considered characteristic chemotaxonomic markers of this herb. In vitro and in vivo pharmacological studies indicated that crude extracts and active compounds from A. calamus var. angustatus Besser display a wide range of pharmacological activities, especially as treatment for Alzheimer's disease (AD), and anticonvulsant, antidepressant-like, anxiolytic-like, anti-fatigue, anti-Parkinson, neuroprotection, and brain protection properties, providing more evidence to explain the traditional medicinal uses and ethnopharmacology. The clinical therapeutic dose of A. calamus var. angustatus Besser does not present any toxic effects, but its main active ingredients α-asarone and β-asarone at excessive dose may lead to toxicity, and in particular, their respective epoxide metabolites may exert potential toxicity to the liver. This review provides a reference and further information for the future development and clinical application of A. calamus var. angustatus Besser. Graphical abstract: Image 1 Highlights: Overview of potential therapeutics from A. calamus var. angustatus Besser. Over 234 naturally compounds from A. calamus var. angustatus Besser are reported. Asarone analogues are the active ingredients in A. calamus var. angustatus Besser. Benefit for future development and utilization of A. calamus var. angustatus Besser.