The effect of neonatal vaccination for bovine respiratory disease in the face of a dual challenge with bovine viral diarrhea virus and Mannheimia hemolytica. Issue 19 (5th May 2023)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Perkins-Oines, Stephanie; Dias, Nirosh; Krafsur, Greta; Abdelsalam, Karim; Perry, George; Ensley, Douglas; Jones, Craig; Chase, Christopher C.L.
• Is Part Of: Vaccine. Volume 41:Issue 19(2023)
• Page Start: 3080
• Page End: 3091
• Publication Date: 2023-05-05
• Subjects: Vaccines -- Periodicals; 615.372
• DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2023.04.005
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0264-410X

Abstract

Highlights: Dual Challenge with BVDV 1b followed M. haemolytica in vaccinated weaning age calves. Decreased BVDV viremia in calves receiving an adjuvanted MLV vaccine. Calves receiving an adjuvanted MLV- M. haemolytica vaccine had less leukopenia. Calves receiving an adjuvanted MLV- M. haemolytica vaccine had lower febrile response. Abstract: Bovine respiratory disease is the greatest threat to calf health. In this study, colostrum-fed dairy X beef calves were vaccinated at ∼30 days of age with an adjuvanted parenteral vaccine containing modified live bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) type 1 and type 2, bovine herpesvirus 1 (BHV-1), bovine parainfluenza type 3 virus (PI3V) and bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV) and M. haemolytica toxoid (Group 1), or intranasal temperature-sensitive BHV-1, BRSV and PI3V concurrently with a parenteral vaccine containing modified live BVDV type 1 and type 2 and M. haemolytica toxoid (Group 2) or a placebo (Group 3). The calves were challenged ∼150 days post vaccination intranasally with BVDV 1b and then 7 days later intratracheally with M. haemolytica . The calves were euthanized 6 days after the M. haemolytica challenge. Clinical signs following BVDV infection were similar in all groups. There was increased rectal temperatures in the Groups 2 and 3 on day 3 and in Group 3 on days 8–13. Group 1 animals had a slight leukopenia following BVDV infection while Groups 2 and 3 had greater leukopenia. BVDV type 1 and 2 serum titers increased in Group 1 following vaccination while these titers waned in Groups 2 and 3. There were higher levels of BVDV in the buffy coats and nasal samples in Group 2 and Group 3 versus Group 1 (p < 0.01). Interferon-gamma response was higher (p < 0.01) in Group 1 animals than Groups 2 and 3. Group 1 had the lowest percent pneumonic tissue (1.6%) while Group 2 vaccinates had 3.7% and the control Group 3 was 5.3%. Vaccination in the face of maternal antibody with a parenteral adjuvanted vaccine resulted in better protection than the regimen of an intranasal vaccine and a parenteral adjuvanted BVDV and M haemolytica combination vaccine in a BVDV- M. haemolytica dual challenge