Molecular mechanisms underlying the beneficial effects of exercise and dietary interventions in the prevention of cardiometabolic diseases. (15th April 2023)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Forte, Maurizio; Rodolico, Daniele; Ameri, Pietro; Catalucci, Daniele; Chimenti, Cristina; Crotti, Lia; Schirone, Leonardo; Pingitore, Annachiara; Torella, Daniele; Iacovone, Giuliano; Valenti, Valentina; Schiattarella, Gabriele G.; Perrino, Cinzia; Sciarretta, Sebastiano
• Other Names: collaborator.
• Is Part Of: Journal of cardiovascular medicine. Volume 24(2023)Supplement 1
• Page Start: e3
• Page End: e14
• Publication Date: 2023-04-15
• Subjects: calorie restriction -- cardiometabolic diseases -- diabetes -- exercise -- obesity; Cardiology -- Periodicals; Cardiovascular system -- Diseases -- Periodicals; Cardiology -- Periodicals; Cardiovascular Diseases -- Periodicals; 616.1005
• DOI: 10.2459/JCM.0000000000001397
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 1558-2027

Abstract

Abstract : Cardiometabolic diseases still represent a major cause of mortality worldwide. In addition to pharmacological approaches, lifestyle interventions can also be adopted for the prevention of these morbid conditions. Lifestyle changes include exercise and dietary restriction protocols, such as calorie restriction and intermittent fasting, which were shown to delay cardiovascular ageing and elicit health-promoting effects in preclinical models of cardiometabolic diseases. Beneficial effects are mediated by the restoration of multiple molecular mechanisms in heart and vessels that are compromised by metabolic stress. Exercise and dietary restriction rescue mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress and inflammation. They also improve autophagy. The result of these effects is a marked improvement of vascular and heart function. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of the molecular mechanisms involved in the beneficial effects of exercise and dietary restriction in models of diabetes and obesity. We also discuss clinical studies and gap in animal-to-human translation.