Acute effects of delayed-release hydrolyzed pine nut oil on glucose tolerance, incretins, ghrelin and appetite in healthy humans. Issue 4 (April 2021)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Sørensen, Karina V.; Korfitzen, Svend S.; Kaspersen, Mads H.; Ulven, Elisabeth Rexen; Ekberg, Jeppe H.; Bauer-Brandl, Annette; Ulven, Trond; Højlund, Kurt
• Is Part Of: Clinical nutrition. Volume 40:Issue 4(2021)
• Page Start: 2169
• Page End: 2179
• Publication Date: 2021-04
• Subjects: Free fatty acid receptors -- Pine nut oil -- Pinolenic acid -- Incretins -- Appetite -- Oral glucose tolerance test; PNO-FFA Hydrolyzed pine nut oil -- PNO-TG Unhydrolyzed pine nut oil -- FFA1 Free fatty acid receptor 1 -- FFA4 Free fatty acid receptor 4 -- GLP-1 Glucagon-like Peptide-1 -- GIP Gastric inhibitory polypeptide -- FFA Free fatty acid -- RYGB Roux-En-Y Gastric Bypass -- OGTT Oral glucose tolerance test -- AUC Area under the curve -- VAS Visual Analogue Scale; Critically ill -- Nutrition -- Periodicals; Diet therapy -- Periodicals; Parenteral feeding -- Periodicals; Enteral feeding -- Periodicals; Enteral Nutrition -- Periodicals; Parenteral Nutrition -- Periodicals; Metabolism -- Periodicals; Diétothérapie -- Périodiques; Alimentation parentérale -- Périodiques; Alimentation entérale -- Périodiques; Nutrition -- Périodiques; Diet therapy; Enteral feeding; Nutrition; Parenteral feeding; Electronic journals; Periodicals; Electronic journals; 615.854
• DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2020.09.043
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0261-5614

Abstract

Summary: Bacground & aim: Pinolenic acid, a major component (~20%) of pine nut oil, is a dual agonist of the free fatty acid receptors, FFA1 and FFA4, which may regulate release of incretins and ghrelin from the gut. Here, we investigated the acute effects of hydrolyzed pine nut oil (PNO-FFA), delivered to the small intestine by delayed-release capsules, on glucose tolerance, insulin, incretin and ghrelin secretion, and appetite. Methods: In two cross-over studies, we evaluated 3 g unhydrolyzed pine nut oil (PNO-TG) or 3 g PNO-FFA versus no oil in eight healthy, non-obese subjects (study 1), and 3 g PNO-FFA or 6 g PNO-FFA versus no oil in ten healthy, overweight/obese subjects (study 2) in both studies given in delayed-release capsules 30 min prior to a 4-h-oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). Outcomes were circulating levels of glucose, insulin, GLP-1, GIP, ghrelin, appetite and gastrointestinal tolerability during OGTT. Results: Both 3 g PNO-FFA in study 1 and 6 g PNO-FFA in study 2 markedly increased GLP-1 levels (p < 0.001) and attenuated ghrelin levels (p < 0.001) during the last 2 h of the OGTT compared with no oil. In study 2, these effects of PNO-FFA were accompanied by an increased satiety and fullness (p < 0.03), and decreased prospective food consumption (p < 0.05). PNO-FFA caused only small reductions in glucose and insulin levels during the first 2 h of the OGTT. Conclusions: Our results provide evidence that PNO-FFA delivered to the small intestine by delayed-release capsules may reduce appetite by augmenting GLP-1 release and attenuating ghrelin secretion in the late postprandial state. Clinical trial registry numbers: NCT03062592 and NCT03305367.