Genetic studies of heat stress regulation in goat during hot climatic condition. (April 2023)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Kaushik, Rakesh; Arya, Aditya; Kumar, Devendra; Goel, Anjana; Rout, P.K.
• Is Part Of: Journal of thermal biology. Volume 113(2023)
• Publication Date: 2023-04
• Subjects: Heat stress -- Physiological -- Stress phenotype -- Molecular studies -- Sequence homology -- Goat; Thermobiology -- Periodicals; Temperature -- Periodicals; Biology -- Periodicals; Thermobiologie -- Périodiques; Thermobiology; Periodicals; 571.46
• DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2023.103528
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0306-4565

Abstract

Abstract: Various direct and indirect environmental constraints have an impact on livestock performance. The physiological parameters, such as rectal temperature, heart rate, and respiratory rate, are the primary indicators of thermal stress. Under a stressed environment temperature humidity index (THI) had established as a vital measurement to identify the thermal stress in livestock. THI in association with climatic variations can define the environmental effect as stressful or comfortable for livestock. Goats are small ruminants that adapt to a wide range of ecological variations due to their anatomical and physiological characteristics. However, the productivity of animals declines at the individual level during thermal stress. Stress tolerance can be determined through genetic studies associated with at the cellular level using physiological as well as molecular approaches. Information on genetic association with thermal stress in goats is scanty, this severely affects their survival and hence productivity of livestock. The ever-increasing demand for food across the globe needs deciphering novel molecular markers as well as stress indicators that play a vital role in livestock improvement. This review represents an analysis of current knowledge of phenotypic differences during thermal stress and signifies the importance of physiological responses and their association at the cellular level in goats. The regulation of vital genes associated with thermal stress such as Aquaporins ( AQP 0, 1, 2, 4, 5, 6, 8), aquaglyceroporins ( AQP 3, 7, 9, and 10) and super-aquaporins ( AQP 11, 12); BAX inhibitors such as PERK (PKR like ER kinase), IRE 1 (inositol-requiring-1); Redox regulating genes such as NOX ; Transport of Na+ and K+ such as ATPase ( ATP1A1 ) and several heat shock proteins have been implicated in heat-stress related adaptations have been elucidated. As these changes have a significant impact on production performance as well as on livestock productivity. Such efforts may help in the development of molecular markers and will assist the breeders to develop heat-tolerant goats with improved productivity. Highlighted: Heat stress is a major issue in livestock, affecting animal performance and hampering global production performance. The key indicators of thermal stress in goats include physiological responses and other factors such as reduced growth, reduced milk production and reduced reproductive efficiency. The importance of heat stress-tolerant and susceptible phenotypes, as well as their association with genetic markers and genetic analysis. The genetic markers provide significant insights at the cellular level. Such efforts may assist the breeders in the future to breed goats with improved productivity and survival under harsh climatic conditions.