Biomolecular condensates: Formation mechanisms, biological functions, and therapeutic targets. Issue 2 (28th February 2023)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Niu, Xin; Zhang, Lei; Wu, Yuchen; Zong, Zhi; Wang, Bin; Liu, Jisheng; Zhang, Long; Zhou, Fangfang
• Is Part Of: MedComm. Volume 4:Issue 2(2023)
• Page Start: n/a
• Page End: n/a
• Publication Date: 2023-02-28
• Subjects: biomolecular condensates -- novel therapies -- phase separation; 610
• DOI: 10.1002/mco2.223
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 2688-2663

Abstract

Abstract: Biomolecular condensates are cellular structures composed of membraneless assemblies comprising proteins or nucleic acids. The formation of these condensates requires components to change from a state of solubility separation from the surrounding environment by undergoing phase transition and condensation. Over the past decade, it has become widely appreciated that biomolecular condensates are ubiquitous in eukaryotic cells and play a vital role in physiological and pathological processes. These condensates may provide promising targets for the clinic research. Recently, a series of pathological and physiological processes have been found associated with the dysfunction of condensates, and a range of targets and methods have been demonstrated to modulate the formation of these condensates. A more extensive description of biomolecular condensates is urgently needed for the development of novel therapies. In this review, we summarized the current understanding of biomolecular condensates and the molecular mechanisms of their formation. Moreover, we reviewed the functions of condensates and therapeutic targets for diseases. We further highlighted the available regulatory targets and methods, discussed the significance and challenges of targeting these condensates. Reviewing the latest developments in biomolecular condensate research could be essential in translating our current knowledge on the use of condensates for clinical therapeutic strategies. Abstract : This review highlighted the importance in elucidating the regulation of biomolecular condensates, which is urgently needed for the development of novel therapies. The characteristics, formation mechanism and functions of biomolecular condensates, and the therapeutic targets for diseases are systematically summarized in this review. The available regulatory targets and methods are also discussed in this review. Moreover, this review depicted the significance and challenges of targeting these condensates.