Climatic and vegetational controls of Holocene wildfire regimes in the boreal forest of northern Fennoscandia. (23rd January 2023)
- Record Type:
- Journal Article
- Title:
- Climatic and vegetational controls of Holocene wildfire regimes in the boreal forest of northern Fennoscandia. (23rd January 2023)
- Main Title:
- Climatic and vegetational controls of Holocene wildfire regimes in the boreal forest of northern Fennoscandia
- Authors:
- Remy, Cécile C.
Magne, Gwenaël
Stivrins, Normunds
Aakala, Tuomas
Asselin, Hugo
Seppä, Heikki
Luoto, Tomi
Jasiunas, Nauris
Ali, Adam A. - Abstract:
- Abstract: Climate change is expected to increase wildfire activity in boreal ecosystems, thus threatening the carbon stocks of these forests, which are currently the largest terrestrial carbon sink in the world. Describing the ecological processes involved in fire regimes in terms of frequency, size, type (surface vs. crown) and severity (biomass burned) would allow better anticipation of the impact of climate change on these forests. In Fennoscandia, this objective is currently difficult to achieve due to the lack of knowledge of long‐term (centuries to millennia) relationships between climate, fire and vegetation. We investigated the causes and consequences of changes in fire regimes during the Holocene (last ~11, 000 years) on vegetation trajectories in the boreal forest of northern Finland. We reconstructed fire histories from sedimentary charcoal at three sites, as well as vegetation dynamics from pollen, moisture changes from Sphagnum spore abundance at two sites, and complemented these analyses with published regional chironomid‐inferred July temperature reconstructions. Low‐frequency, large fires were recorded during the warm and dry mid‐Holocene period (8500–4500 cal. year BP), whereas high‐frequency, small fires were more characteristic of the cool and wet Neoglacial period (4500 cal. year BP onward). A higher proportion of charcoal particles with a woody aspect—characterizing crown fires—was recorded at one of the two sites at times of significant climatic andAbstract: Climate change is expected to increase wildfire activity in boreal ecosystems, thus threatening the carbon stocks of these forests, which are currently the largest terrestrial carbon sink in the world. Describing the ecological processes involved in fire regimes in terms of frequency, size, type (surface vs. crown) and severity (biomass burned) would allow better anticipation of the impact of climate change on these forests. In Fennoscandia, this objective is currently difficult to achieve due to the lack of knowledge of long‐term (centuries to millennia) relationships between climate, fire and vegetation. We investigated the causes and consequences of changes in fire regimes during the Holocene (last ~11, 000 years) on vegetation trajectories in the boreal forest of northern Finland. We reconstructed fire histories from sedimentary charcoal at three sites, as well as vegetation dynamics from pollen, moisture changes from Sphagnum spore abundance at two sites, and complemented these analyses with published regional chironomid‐inferred July temperature reconstructions. Low‐frequency, large fires were recorded during the warm and dry mid‐Holocene period (8500–4500 cal. year BP), whereas high‐frequency, small fires were more characteristic of the cool and wet Neoglacial period (4500 cal. year BP onward). A higher proportion of charcoal particles with a woody aspect—characterizing crown fires—was recorded at one of the two sites at times of significant climatic and vegetational changes, when the abundance of Picea abies was higher. Synthesis. Our results show both a direct and an indirect effect of climate on fire regimes in northern Fennoscandia. Warm and dry periods are conducive to large surface fires, whereas cool and moist periods are associated with small fires, either crown or surface. Climate‐induced shifts in forest composition also affect fire regimes. Climatic instability can alter vegetation composition and structure and lead to fuel accumulation favouring stand‐replacing crown fires. Considering the ongoing climate warming and the projected increase in extreme climatic events, Fennoscandian forests could experience a return to a regime of large surface fires, but stand‐replacing crown fires will likely remain a key ecosystem process in areas affected by climatic and/or vegetational instability. Abstract : Climate change is expected to increase wildfire activity in boreal ecosystems. Considering the ongoing climate warming and the projected increase in extreme climatic events, Fennoscandian forests could experience a return to a regime of large surface fires, but stand‐replacing crown fires will likely remain a key ecosystem process in areas affected by climatic and/or vegetational instability. Abstrakti: Ilmastonmuutoksen odotetaan lisäävän metsäpalojen aktiivisuutta boreaalisissa ekosysteemeissä. Boreaaliset metsät ovat yksi maailman suurimmista maanpäällisistä hiilivarastoista ja lisääntyvät metsäpalot uhkaavat vaikuttaa niiden kykyyn sitoa hiiltä. Metsäpaloihin liittyvien ekologisten prosessien kuvaaminen palojen esiintymistiheyden, koon, tyypin (pinta‐ vs. latvapalo) ja voimakkuuden (palanut biomassa) avulla parantaa mahdollisuuksiamme ennakoida ilmastonmuutoksen vaikutuksia boreaalisiin metsiin. Fennoskandiassa tätä tavoitetta on vaikea saavuttaa, koska ilmaston, metsäpalojen ja kasvillisuuden väliset pitkäaikaiset (vuosisatojen tai vuosituhansien mittaiset) vuorovaikutussuhteet tunnetaan heikosti. Tutkimme holoseenin (viimeiset ~ 11 000 vuotta) aikaisia metsäpalojen esiintymisen muutosten syitä ja seurauksia Pohjois‐Suomen boreaalisissa metsissä. Rekonstruoimme metsäpalohistoriat kolmen järven pohjasedimenttien hiilipartikkeleiden avulla. Lisäksi tutkimme kasvillisuuden muutoksia siitepölyn avulla ja kosteusmuutoksia rahkasammaleiden itiöiden avulla. Täydensimme näitä analyyseja aiemmin julkaistuilla alueellisilla lämpötilarekonstruktioilla. Harvoin esiintyviä suuria metsäpaloja todettiin lämpimän ja kuivan holoseenikauden puolivälin aikana (8500‐4500 vuotta sitten), kun taas useammin esiintyvät mutta pienemmät metsäpalot olivat tyypillisempiä viimeisen 4500 vuoden aikana, kun ilmasto oli viileä ja kostea. Synteesi . Tuloksemme antavat tietoa ilmaston suorista ja epäsuorista vaikutuksista metsäpaloihin Pohjois‐Fennoskandiassa. Lämpimät ja kuivat jaksot edistävät suuria pintapaloja, kun taas pienet metsäpalot, jotka voivat olla pinta‐ tai latvapaloja, liittyvät viileisiin ja kosteisiin ilmastojaksoihin. Ilmaston aiheuttamat muutokset metsien koostumuksessa vaikuttavat myös metsäpalojen esiintymiseen. Ilmaston vaihtelu voi muuttaa kasvillisuuden koostumusta ja rakennetta, mikä johtaa palavan biomassan kertymiseen ja edesauttaa siten latvapalojen esiintymistä. Ilmaston lämpenemisen ja äärevöitymisen seurauksena Fennoskandian metsät saattavat palata suurten pintapalojen tilaan. Metsiä uudistavat latvapalot pysyvät todennäköisesti tärkeinä niillä alueilla, missä ilmaston ja kasvillisuuden muutosten vaikutukset ovat voimakkaimmat. … (more)
- Is Part Of:
- Journal of ecology. Volume 111:Number 4(2023)
- Journal:
- Journal of ecology
- Issue:
- Volume 111:Number 4(2023)
- Issue Display:
- Volume 111, Issue 4 (2023)
- Year:
- 2023
- Volume:
- 111
- Issue:
- 4
- Issue Sort Value:
- 2023-0111-0004-0000
- Page Start:
- 845
- Page End:
- 860
- Publication Date:
- 2023-01-23
- Subjects:
- boreal forest -- charcoal -- climate change -- crown fire -- pollen -- spruce -- surface fire
Plant ecology -- Periodicals
577.05 - Journal URLs:
- http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10.1111/(ISSN)1365-2745 ↗
http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/ ↗ - DOI:
- 10.1111/1365-2745.14065 ↗
- Languages:
- English
- ISSNs:
- 0022-0477
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- Legaldeposit
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