Sustainable biochar for advanced electrochemical/energy storage applications. (July 2023)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Rawat, Shivam; Wang, Chin-Tsan; Lay, Chyi-How; Hotha, Srinivas; Bhaskar, Thallada
• Is Part Of: Journal of energy storage. Volume 63(2023)
• Publication Date: 2023-07
• Subjects: Biochar -- Energy storage -- Battery -- Supercapacitor -- Hydrogen storage; EES Electrochemical energy storage -- LA Lead-acid -- LC Lead‑carbon -- LIB Lithium-ion battery -- Ni-Cd Nickel-Cadmium -- Na-S Sodium-Sulfur -- NIB Sodium-ion battery -- ICEV Internal combustion engine vehicle -- LCA Life-cycle assessment -- IUPAC International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry -- [Bmim]H2PO4 1-Butyl-3-methyl-imidazolium phosphate -- EDLC Electrostatic double layer capacitance -- [Bmim]OAc 1-Butyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate -- IL Ionic liquid; Energy storage -- Periodicals; Energy storage -- Research -- Periodicals; 621.3126
• DOI: 10.1016/j.est.2023.107115
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 2352-152X

Abstract

Abstract: Biochar is a carbon-rich solid prepared by the thermal treatment of biomass in an oxygen-limiting environment. It can be customized to enhance its structural and electrochemical properties by imparting porosity, increasing its surface area, enhancing graphitization, or modifying the surface functionalities by doping heteroatoms. All these features in biochar are highly desired to successfully utilize it in energy storage (in supercapacitors and batteries) or for hydrogen storage. This review focuses on the preparation strategies of biochar-based materials for energy and hydrogen storage. Also, how the structural properties of biochar can be tuned and optimized for individual applications have been discussed. The hierarchical porous structure of biochar with heteroatom surface functionalities is a desirable feature for supercapacitor application. While for battery applications, graphitic structure and interlayer spacing play a critical role. For H2 storage in biochar, a high surface area with micropore dominant structure and O-rich functional groups are required. Graphical abstract: Unlabelled Image Highlights: Energy storage mechanism dependent on the structural properties of biochar Porosity affects supercapacitor and graphitization affects battery. Energy storage property of biochar can be optimized by modification. Biomass based functional carbons advantageous compared to fossil carbons