TGF‐β signaling: A recap of SMAD‐independent and SMAD‐dependent pathways. Issue 1 (19th July 2021)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Aashaq, Sabreena; Batool, Asiya; Mir, Shabir Ahmad; Beigh, Mushtaq Ahmad; Andrabi, Khurshid Iqbal; Shah, Zaffar Amin
• Is Part Of: Journal of cellular physiology. Volume 237:Issue 1(2022)
• Page Start: 59
• Page End: 85
• Publication Date: 2021-07-19
• Subjects: angiogenesis -- chemoresistance -- metastasis; Physiology -- Periodicals; Cell physiology -- Periodicals; 571.6
• DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30529
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0021-9541

Abstract

Abstract: Transforming growth factor‐β (TGF‐β) is a proinflammatory cytokine known to control a diverse array of pathological and physiological conditions during normal development and tumorigenesis. TGF‐β‐mediated physiological effects are heterogeneous and vary among different types of cells and environmental conditions. TGF‐β serves as an antiproliferative agent and inhibits tumor development during primary stages of tumor progression; however, during the later stages, it encourages tumor development and mediates metastatic progression and chemoresistance. The fundamental elements of TGF‐β signaling have been divulged more than a decade ago; however, the process by which the signals are relayed from cell surface to nucleus is very complex with additional layers added in tumor cell niches. Although the intricate understanding of TGF‐β‐mediated signaling pathways and their regulation are still evolving, we tried to make an attempt to summarize the TGF‐β‐mediated SMAD‐dependent andSMAD‐independent pathways. This manuscript emphasizes the functions of TGF‐β as a metastatic promoter and tumor suppressor during the later and initial phases of tumor progression respectively. Abstract : Transforming growth factor‐β (TGF‐β) is a versatile cytokine known to regulate a diverse array of pathological and physiological conditions during normal development and tumorigenesis. TGF‐β‐mediated physiological effects are heterogeneous and vary among different types of cells and environmental conditions. TGF‐β serves as an antiproliferative agent and inhibits tumor development during primary stages of tumor progression; however, during the later stages, it encourages tumor development and mediates metastatic progression and chemoresistance.