Effects of a high-protein, high-fiber diet rich in antioxidants and l-carnitine on body weight, body composition, metabolic status, and physical activity levels of cats after spay surgery. (2nd April 2022)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Iwazaki, Eiji; Lee, Anne H; Kruis, Alissa M; Phungviwatnikul, Thunyaporn; Valentine, Helen; Arend, Lídia S; Knox, Robert V; de Godoy, Maria R C; Swanson, Kelly S
• Is Part Of: Journal of animal science. Volume 100:Number 4(2022)
• Publication Date: 2022-04-02
• Subjects: feline nutrition -- obesity -- ovariectomy; Livestock -- Periodicals; Livestock; Electronic journals; Periodicals; 636.005
• DOI: 10.1093/jas/skac104
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0021-8812

Abstract

Abstract: Spay and neuter surgeries are useful in controlling pet populations, but increase obesity risk due to increased appetite, decreased metabolic rate, and decreased energy expenditure. Dietary management may help limit post-spay weight gain, but few research studies have been conducted in cats. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of a high-protein, high-fiber diet (HPHF) compared to a moderate-protein, moderate-fiber diet (MPMF) in female cats following spay surgery. Twenty healthy female cats (9.5 ± 0.1 mo) were used. After a 4-wk baseline phase with cats fed MPMF to maintain body weight (BW), 16 cats were spayed and allotted to MPMF ( n = 8) or HPHF ( n = 8), with the remaining cats being sham-operated and fed MPMF ( n = 4). Cats were fed to maintain BW for 12 wk and then allowed to eat up to twice that amount for another 12 wk. Daily food intake, twice weekly BW, and twice weekly body condition scores (BCS) were assessed. Back fat thickness (BF) using ultrasound, body composition using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA), feline body mass index (fBMI), body fat percentage estimates using zoometry measurements, serum metabolites, and voluntary physical activity levels were measured prior to spay (week 0) and every 6 wk post-spay. A treatment*time effect was observed for food intake (g/d), but not caloric intake (kcal ME/d). Caloric intake was affected by time and treatment, being reduced over the first 12 wk and reduced at higher amounts in HPHF and MPMF cats vs. sham cats. BW, BCS, and body fat percentage were affected over time. Treatment*time effects were observed for blood urea nitrogen, alkaline phosphatase, and fructosamine, whereas blood triglycerides, total cholesterol, creatinine, total protein, phosphorus, and bicarbonate were affected by time. Physical activity was reduced over time. Our results demonstrate that spay surgery affects food intake, BW, metabolism, and physical activity of cats. Dietary intervention in this study, however, led to minor changes. Lay Summary: Spay surgery helps control pet populations, but increases obesity due to increased appetite, decreased metabolic rate, and decreased energy expenditure. Our objective was to evaluate the effects of high-protein, high-fiber diet (HPHF), and moderate-protein, moderate-fiber diets (MPMF) in female cats following spay surgery. Of the 20 cats used, 16 were spayed and fed MPMF ( n = 8) or HPHF ( n = 8) and four were sham-operated and fed MPMF. Cats were fed to maintain body weight (BW) for 12 wk and then allowed to overeat for 12 wk. Food intake, BW, body condition scores (BCS), back fat thickness, body composition, feline body mass index, body fat percentage estimates, serum metabolites, and physical activity levels were measured. Over the first 12 wk, caloric intake was reduced at higher amounts in spayed versus sham cats. BW, BCS, body fat percentage, and physical activity levels were altered over time. Our results demonstrate that the diets tested had minor effects, but spaying affected cat food intake, BW, metabolism, and physical activity. Abstract : Our results demonstrate that although the diets tested in this study had minor effects on the post-spay weight gain and metabolism of cats, spay surgery affected food intake, body weight, metabolism, and physical activity levels.