Chemical, structural and cytotoxicity characterisation of experimental fluoride-doped calcium phosphates as promising remineralising materials for dental applications. Issue 4 (April 2023)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Sauro, Salvatore; Spagnuolo, Gianrico; Del Giudice, Carmela; Neto, Davino M. Andrade; Fechine, Pierre B.A.; Chen, Xiaohui; Rengo, Sandro; Chen, Xiaojing; Feitosa, Victor P.
• Is Part Of: Dental materials. Volume 39:Issue 4(2023)
• Page Start: 391
• Page End: 401
• Publication Date: 2023-04
• Subjects: Crystallisation -- Apatite -- Fluoride -- Fluor-hydroxyapatite -- Biocompatibility; Dentistry -- Periodicals; Dental materials -- Periodicals; 617.695
• DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2023.03.007
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0109-5641

Abstract

Abstract: Objectives: This study aimed at evaluating the cytotoxicity, chemical and structural properties of experimental fluoride-doped calcium-phosphates as potential remineralising materials for dental applications. Methods: Experimental calcium phosphates were formulated using β-tricalcium phosphate, monocalcium phosphate monohydrate, calcium hydroxide, and different concentrations of calcium/sodium fluoride salts [(5 wt%: VSG5F), (10 wt%: VSG10F), (20 wt%: VSG20F)]. A fluoride-free calcium phosphate (VSG) was used as control. Each tested material was immersed in simulated body fluid (SBF), (24 h, 15 and 30 days) to assess their ability to crystallise into apatite-like. Cumulative fluoride release was assayed up to 45 days. Moreover, each powder was placed into a medium containing human dental pulp stem cells (200 mg/mL) and their cytotoxicity was analysed using the 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)− 2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay (24 h, 48 h and 72 h incubation). These latter results were statistically analysed by ANOVA and Tukey's test (α = 0.05). Results: All the experimental VSG-F materials produced fluoride-containing apatite-like crystals after SBF immersion. VSG20F presented prolonged release of fluoride ions into the storage media (45d). VSG, VSG10F and VSG20F showed a significant cytotoxicity at dilution of 1:1, while at 1:5, only VSG and VSG20F demonstrated a reduction in cell viability. At lower dilutions (1:10, 1:50 and 1:100) all specimens showed no significant toxicity to hDPSCs, but an increase in cell proliferation. Significance: The experimental fluoride-doped calcium-phosphates are biocompatible and possess a clear ability to evoke fluoride-containing apatite-like crystallisation. Hence, they may be promising remineralising materials for dental applications. Graphical Abstract: ga1 Highlights: Fluoride-doped calcium-phosphates might be suitable remineralising materials for dental applications. The tested calcium-phosphates result biocompatible even when containing high fluoride content (20 wt%). Calcium-phosphates with lower fluoride salts content (5 wt% and 10 wt%) prduced more fluoride-containing apatite. The calcium-phosphate with the highest fluoride content (VSG-20F) presented a prolonged release of fluoride ions. The calcium-phosphate VSG-20F presented the highest precipitation of CaF2 .