An embedded system for remote monitoring and fault diagnosis of photovoltaic arrays using machine learning and the internet of things. (May 2023)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Mellit, A.; Benghanem, M.; Kalogirou, S.; Massi Pavan, A.
• Is Part Of: Renewable energy. Volume 208(2023)
• Page Start: 399
• Page End: 408
• Publication Date: 2023-05
• Subjects: Photovoltaic array -- Fault diagnosis -- Monitoring system -- Machine learning -- Embedded system; Renewable energy sources -- Periodicals; Power resources -- Periodicals; Énergies renouvelables -- Périodiques; Ressources énergétiques -- Périodiques; 333.794
• DOI: 10.1016/j.renene.2023.03.096
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0960-1481

Abstract

Abstract: In this paper a novel embedded system for remote monitoring and fault diagnosis of photovoltaic systems is introduced. The idea is to embed machine leaning algorithms into a low-cost edge device for real-time deployment. First, an artificial neural network is developed to detect faults. Then an effective stacking ensemble learning algorithm is developed to classify the nature of the fault. The method performance is evaluated through common error metrics such as RMSE, MAE, MAPE, r and confusion matrix. Additional algorithms are also embedded into the edge device in order to remotely control the photovoltaic array parameters. Users can be notified by email and SMS about the state of their photovoltaic array. The Blynk IoT platform is used to monitor remotely the photovoltaic array parameters. The experimental results demonstrate the ability of the proposed embedded system to diagnose and monitor the photovoltaic array with a good accuracy. Highlights: An embedded system for fault diagnosis of PV arrays was introduced. An embedded stacking ensemble learning classifier is integrated into a microprocessor. Experimental results showed the feasibility of the proposed embedded system. A smart remote monitoring PV system was designed using the IoT technique.