Strategies for establishing and using genome resource banks to protect genetic diversity in conservation breeding programs. Issue 2 (7th October 2022)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Ballou, Jonathan D.; Lacy, Robert C.; Traylor‐Holzer, Kathy; Bauman, Karen; Ivy, Jamie A.; Asa, Cheryl
• Is Part Of: Zoo biology. Volume 42:Issue 2(2023)
• Page Start: 175
• Page End: 184
• Publication Date: 2022-10-07
• Subjects: cryopreservation -- endangered species -- genetic management -- semen bank; Zoo animals -- Periodicals; 591
• DOI: 10.1002/zoo.21741
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0733-3188

Abstract

Abstract: Genome resource banks (GRBs) have the potential to preserve the genetic diversity of a species over time, yet they are rarely utilized as effective components of conservation breeding programs. Advances have been made in reproductive biology, collection and storage techniques, and use of stored gametes for achieving successful reproduction, but there are few guidelines for integrating GRBs into established breeding programs. Here we present basic guidelines, focusing on strategies for the collection, maintenance, and use of semen GRBs for protecting genetic diversity. These guidelines should be applied in the context of the specific purposes and roles of a breeding program's GRB, which will differ among species depending on vulnerability to loss and the status of rescue and conservation efforts. We recommend establishing up to three types of collections: (1) a National Reserve to preserve a species' genetic diversity, to be used only as a last resort; (2) a Savings Account to be used periodically to invigorate a genetically depauperate population; and (3) a Checking Account to be used as a regular part of the breeding program. We present methods for identifying donors to maximize genetic diversity in a GRB, as well as strategies for maintaining and optimally using GRBs. Abstract : Three levels of gamete banks, each serving different roles, can enhance conservation breeding programs. A "National Reserve" is a protected repository to be used only when population survival is at imminent risk. A "Savings Account" serves to periodically reinvigorate populations. A "Checking Account" contains semen to be considered as mate options each generation. Highlights: The establishment and judicious use of three levels of gamete banks, each serving different roles, can enhance the protection of genetic diversity in conservation breeding programs. A "National Reserve" serves as a protected repository holding to the fullest extent the genetic diversity of a species. A "Savings Account" serves as a resource to periodically reinvigorate populations suffering from genetic erosion. A "Checking Account" contains semen from both deceased and living males to be considered as mate options each generation. We present quantitative methods for determining which males should be sampled to secure the desired genetic diversity in each type of bank.