Impact of palladium nanoparticles on plant and its fungal pathogen. A case study: Brassica napus–Plenodomus lingam. Issue 2 (2nd February 2023)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Maryška, Lukáš; Jindřichová, Barbora; Siegel, Jakub; Záruba, Kamil; Burketová, Lenka
• Editors: Ismail, Abdelbagi
• Is Part Of: AoB plants. Volume 15:Issue 2(2023)
• Publication Date: 2023-02-02
• Subjects: Palladium -- nanoparticle -- plant defence -- Brassica napus -- Leptosphaeria maculans -- Plenodomus lingam; Plants -- Periodicals; Botany -- Periodicals; 580.5
• DOI: 10.1093/aobpla/plad004
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 2041-2851

Abstract

Abstract: The technological exploitation of palladium or palladium nanoparticles (PdNPs) is increasing, and their wider usage relates to an unwanted release of pollutants into the environment, raising public health concerns about the infiltration of palladium into the consumption chain. This study focuses on the effect of spherical gold-cored PdNPs of 50 ± 10 nm diameter stabilized by sodium citrate on the interaction between an oilseed rape ( Brassica napus ) and the fungal pathogen Plenodomus lingam. Pretreatment of B. napus cotyledons with PdNPs suspension 24 h before but not 24 h after inoculation with P. lingam resulted in a decrease in the extent of disease symptoms; however, this effect was caused by Pd 2+ ions (35 mg l –1 or 70 mg l –1 ). Tests to determine any direct antifungal activity on P. lingam in vitro demonstrated that the residual Pd 2+ ions present in the PdNP suspension were responsible for the antifungal activity and that PdNPs themselves do not contribute to this effect. Brassica napus plants did not show any symptoms of palladium toxicity in any form. PdNPs/Pd 2+ slightly increased the chlorophyll content and the transcription of pathogenesis-related gene 1 (PR1), indicating the activation of the plant defence system. We conclude that the only toxic effect of the PdNP suspension was on P. lingam via ions and that PdNPs/Pd 2+ did not have any deleterious effect on the B. napus plants. Abstract : Palladium nanoparticles (PdNPs) are released into nature as pollutants mainly through the operation of motor vehicles or industrial production and have the potential to enter the food chain. Their effects on plants were studied in a pathosystem of oilseed rape and its fungal pathogen Plenodomus lingam . Palladium showed both an antimicrobial effect and an activation of the plant defence system, but these effects were found in palladium ions and not in nanoparticles, which showed no toxicity to the plant or the fungus. On the other hand, the results indicate a potential hazard from PdNPs—released ions—that may occur in a natural environment.