Loss of an ecological baseline through the eradication of oyster reefs from coastal ecosystems and human memory. Issue 3 (14th January 2015)
- Record Type:
- Journal Article
- Title:
- Loss of an ecological baseline through the eradication of oyster reefs from coastal ecosystems and human memory. Issue 3 (14th January 2015)
- Main Title:
- Loss of an ecological baseline through the eradication of oyster reefs from coastal ecosystems and human memory
- Authors:
- Alleway, Heidi K.
Connell, Sean D. - Abstract:
- Abstract: Oyster reefs form over extensive areas and the diversity and productivity of sheltered coasts depend on them. Due to the relatively recent population growth of coastal settlements in Australia, we were able to evaluate the collapse and extirpation of native oyster reefs (Ostrea angasi) over the course of a commercial fishery. We used historical records to quantify commercial catch of O. angasi in southern Australia from early colonization, around 1836, to some of the last recorded catches in 1944 and used our estimates of catch and effort to map their past distribution and assess oyster abundance over 180 years. Significant declines in catch and effort occurred from 1886 to 1946 and no native oyster reefs occur today, but historically oyster reefs extended across more than 1, 500 km of coastline. That oyster reefs were characteristic of much of the coastline of South Australia from 1836 to 1910 appears not to be known because there is no contemporary consideration of their ecological and economic value. Based on the concept of a shifted baseline, we consider this contemporary state to reflect a collective, intergenerational amnesia. Our model of generational amnesia accounts for differences in intergenerational expectations of food, economic value, and ecosystem services of nearshore areas. An ecological system that once surrounded much of the coast and possibly the past presence of oyster reefs altogether may be forgotten and could not only undermine progressAbstract: Oyster reefs form over extensive areas and the diversity and productivity of sheltered coasts depend on them. Due to the relatively recent population growth of coastal settlements in Australia, we were able to evaluate the collapse and extirpation of native oyster reefs (Ostrea angasi) over the course of a commercial fishery. We used historical records to quantify commercial catch of O. angasi in southern Australia from early colonization, around 1836, to some of the last recorded catches in 1944 and used our estimates of catch and effort to map their past distribution and assess oyster abundance over 180 years. Significant declines in catch and effort occurred from 1886 to 1946 and no native oyster reefs occur today, but historically oyster reefs extended across more than 1, 500 km of coastline. That oyster reefs were characteristic of much of the coastline of South Australia from 1836 to 1910 appears not to be known because there is no contemporary consideration of their ecological and economic value. Based on the concept of a shifted baseline, we consider this contemporary state to reflect a collective, intergenerational amnesia. Our model of generational amnesia accounts for differences in intergenerational expectations of food, economic value, and ecosystem services of nearshore areas. An ecological system that once surrounded much of the coast and possibly the past presence of oyster reefs altogether may be forgotten and could not only undermine progress towards their recovery, but also reduce our expectations of these coastal ecosystems. La Pérdida de una Línea de Base Ecológica por Medio de la Erradicación de Arrecifes de Ostión de los Ecosistemas Costeros y la Memoria Humana Resumen: Los arrecifes de ostión se forman a lo largo de áreas extensas y tanto la diversidad y como la productividad de las costas resguardadas dependen de ellos. Debido al incremento relativamente reciente del crecimiento poblacional en Australia, pudimos evaluar el colapso y la extirpación de arrecifes del ostión nativo Ostrea angasi durante el desarrollo de una pesquería comercial. Usamos registros históricos para cuantificar la captura comercial de O. angasi en el sur de Australia desde la colonización temprana, aproximadamente 1836, hasta algunas de las últimas capturas registradas en 1944. Usamos nuestras estimaciones de captura y esfuerzo para mapear su distribución anterior y evaluar la abundancia de los ostiones a lo largo de 180 años. De 1886 hasta 1946 ocurrieron declinaciones significativas en la captura y el esfuerzo y en la actualidad no existen arrecifes de ostión nativo, pero estos se extendían históricamente a lo largo de más de 1, 500 km de línea costera. Parece no ser conocido que estos arrecifes fueron característicos de la mayor parte de la línea costera del sur de Australia de 1836 hasta 1910 porque no hay una consideración contemporánea de su valor ecológico y económico. Con base en el concepto de una línea de base modificada, consideramos que este estado contemporáneo refleja una amnesia inter‐generacional y colectiva. Nuestro modelo de una amnesia generacional representa diferencias en las expectativas inter‐generacionales de alimento, valor económico y servicios ambientales de áreas cercanas a la costa. Que un sistema ecológico que alguna vez rodeó una gran parte de la costa y posiblemente la presencia anterior de arrecifes de ostión probablemente estén olvidados, en conjunto puede no solamente debilitar el progreso hacia la recuperación, sino también reducir nuestras expectativas de estos sistemas costeros. … (more)
- Is Part Of:
- Conservation biology. Volume 29:Issue 3(2015)
- Journal:
- Conservation biology
- Issue:
- Volume 29:Issue 3(2015)
- Issue Display:
- Volume 29, Issue 3 (2015)
- Year:
- 2015
- Volume:
- 29
- Issue:
- 3
- Issue Sort Value:
- 2015-0029-0003-0000
- Page Start:
- 795
- Page End:
- 804
- Publication Date:
- 2015-01-14
- Subjects:
- ecosystem collapse -- historical ecology -- historical fishing -- Ostrea angasi -- shifted baseline -- colapso ambiental -- ecología histórica -- línea base modificada -- pesca histórica -- Ostrea angasi
Conservation biology -- Periodicals
333.9516 - Journal URLs:
- http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10.1111/(ISSN)1523-1739 ↗
http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/ ↗ - DOI:
- 10.1111/cobi.12452 ↗
- Languages:
- English
- ISSNs:
- 0888-8892
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- Legaldeposit
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